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Intelligence

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Co-Intelligence FAQ

WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE?

Intelligence can be described in a number of ways:

Intelligence is the ability to develop, apply, and change our knowledge and skills.
Intelligence is the ability to learn and solve problems, especially in the face of challenges and change.
Intelligence is our ability to recognize patterns in our thinking and in life.
Intelligence is our capacity to fit our thinking, feeling, and behavior (our inner patterns) with what is actually going on (the patterns of reality).

When we think we know what’s going on and that’s not what’s actually going on, we make “stupid” mistakes. Keeping ourselves aligned with reality – that’s what intelligence is – is vital to our survival, success, and having good lives generally.

A Source Document for Collective Intelligence

In this paper we define intelligence as the ability to interact successfully with one’s world, especially in the face of challenge or change. Human intelligence involves gathering, formulating, modifying, and applying effective knowledge — often in the form of ideas, images, sensations, patterns of response and sense-making — a process we refer to with words like learning, problem solving, planning, visioning, intuition, understanding, creativity, etc.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence

Intelligence has been defined in many different ways including as one's capacity for logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, planning, creativity, and problem solving. It can be more generally described as the ability or inclination to perceive or deduce information, and to retain it as knowledge to be applied towards adaptive behaviors within an environment or context.

Intelligence is most widely studied in humans, but has also been observed in non-human animals and in plants. Artificial intelligence is intelligence in machines. It is commonly implemented in computer systems using program software.

Within the discipline of psychology, various approaches to human intelligence have been adopted. The psychometric approach is especially familiar to the general public, as well as being the most researched and by far the most widely used in practical settings.^[1]

Introduction

Please compare the characteristics of Holomidal Collective Intelligence with those of Pyramidal Collective Intelligence

David Weinberger: Objectivity without Transparency is Arrogance
Introduction by Toni Prug: We need Open Process Search Systems.

Short Citations

Rule Number One is to pay attention. Rule Number Two might be: Attention is a limited resource, so pay attention to where you pay attention.

- Howard Rheingold [2]

"All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed. Second, it is violently opposed. Third, it is accepted as being self-evident."

Arthur Schopenhauer

Long Citations

Systems thinking has a certain simplicity and elegance to it — basically, a shift from seeing the world as a machine to understanding it as a network… To deal with nonlinear systems requires a change of perspective from objects to relationships, from measuring to mapping, and this is why visual thinking becomes important.”

~ Fritjof Capra [3]

"Co-intelligence is the capacity to call forth the wisdom and resources of the whole and its members to enhance the longterm vitality of the whole and its members." Collectively, a community has more - and more diverse - information, perspective, and resources than any individual has. A wise community, a wise leader, and a wise democracy will use that rich diversity creatively and interactively. The diversity will then be mutually enhancing rather than mutually problematic. The appropriate role of the state is to create enabling conditions for that to happen at all levels and in all sectors and facets of society.

- Tom Atlee [4]

The systematic extensions of my brain is the brain of my friends. No matter how good tagging systems and wikis I have, they are neither sustainable nor scalable, when facing the tsunami of complexity waves coming at us faster and faster. The coming chaos is evolution trick’s to push us out from the comfortable but illusory thinking of the individual being the basic cognitive unit. IMHO, it’s the collective.

- George Por

Experience has long been considered the best teacher of knowledge. Since we cannot experience everything, other people’s experiences, and hence other people, become the surrogate, of knowledge. I store my knowledge in my friends is an axiom for collecting knowledge through collecting people.

- Karen Stephenson [5]

[6]

To survive and thrive, human systems *need* a not just a network view, but a multi-dimensional, multi-scaled view and definition of systems. this will help us see how many, many people can operate and multiply many forms of wealth within systems that previously seemed easily depletable. Peer networks are vital to creating the multi-dimensional maps and models and views that will allow all of us to see the cornacopia of options that now exist, provided we can shift out focus from exploitation and control, to existential symbiosis with everything that is around us, on as many scales as possible.

- Sam Rose

"From a very early age, we are taught to break apart problems, to fragment the world. This apparently makes complex tasks and subjects more manageable, but we pay a hidden, enormous price. We can no longer see the consequences of our actions; we lose our intrinisic sense of connection to a larger whole. When we then try to ‘see the big picture,’ we try to reassemble the fragments in our minds, to list and organize all the pieces. But, as physicist David Bohm says, the task is futile–similar to trying to reassemble the fragments of a broken mirror to see a true reflection. Thus, after a while we give up trying to see the whole altogether."

- Peter Senge [7]

The Next Civil War will be one over Collective Intelligence

"The conflict of the 21st Century is about forming a Collective Intelligence that can outwit and out innovate all of its competitors. The central challenge is to innovate a way of collaborating and cohering individuals that maximally deploys their individual perspectives, capabilities, understandings and insights with each-other. Right now, the Trump Insurgency has the edge. It has discovered some key ways to tap into the power of decentralized collective intelligence and this is its principal advantage. While it is definitely not a mature version of a decentralized collective intelligence, it is substantially more so than any collective intelligence with which it is competing and unless and until a more effective decentralized collective intelligence enters the field, this advantage is enough."

- Jordan Greenhall [8]

Individuals can't think non-linearly, only collectives can

"By yourself, you can’t think non-linearly. This isn’t your fault. Individual human beings can’t think non-linearly. Only “collective intelligences,” those agents of “inter-subjective consciousness” can. To put it more simply, we implement and do things as individuals. We innovate as tribes. And the world we live in today — the world of the 21st Century — is a world of continuous innovation. In this environment, for the first time ever in history, the ability to innovate is decisively superior to the ability to deploy power."

- Jordan Greenhall [9]

Meta-theory as humanity’s vocabulary of self-transformation

"[With] self-consciousness comes the possibility of transforming ourselves by adopting new vocabularies, redescribing, and so reconstructing our selves and discursive institutions. While all of us are in some sense consumers of such new vocabularies, it is the special calling of some to produce them. And among those producers some take the construction of unique, potentially transformative vocabularies as the project by commitment to which they understand and define themselves. Among that group, some seek to produce those new vocabularies precisely by trying to understated the phenomena of sapience, normativity, conceptuality, reason, freedom, expression, self-consciousness, self-constitution, and historical transformation by subversive, empowering vocabularies. Those are the philosophers. They are charged neither with simply understanding human nature (human history), nor with simply changing it, but with changing it by understanding it."

—Robert B. Brandom (2009, p. 150) [10]

Framework

Dave Snowden has proposed the Cynefin framework for identifying the best match between knowledge styles and reality:

"It has five domains, characterised by the relationship between cause and effect. The first four domains are:

Simple, in which the relationship between cause and effect is obvious to all, the approach is to Sense - Categorise - Respond and we can apply best practice.
Complicated, in which the relationship between cause and effect requires analysis or some other form of investigation and/or the application of expert knowledge, the approach is to Sense - Analyze - Respond and we can apply good practice.
Complex, in which the relationship between cause and effect can only be perceived in retrospect, but not in advance, the approach is to Probe - Sense - Respond and we can sense emergent practice.
Chaotic, in which there is no relationship between cause and effect at systems level, the approach is to Act - Sense - Respond and we can discover novel practice.

The fifth domain is Disorder, which is the state of not knowing what type of causality exists, in which state people will revert to the comfort zone in making a decision." (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynefin)

See the video: Shawn Callahan on the Cynefin Framework

Framework from George Dyson in Darwin Among The Machines, summarized by Kevin Kelly [11]:

One species, many minds: The official future. We interbreed among our genetic improvements and keep our individuality distinct, and our species identity intact.
One species, one mind: Through electronic mediation, we join together to create a superorganism. A suprahuman.
Many species, many minds: Ultimate diversity. Humans fork in their evolution to create new breeds. Some may even join machines in cyborgian partnerships.
Many species, one mind: We fork in biology but unite in the noosphere. Millions of species share the same mind.

Henry Jenkins:

"We can argue that there are a range of different models of collective intelligence shaping the digital realm at the present time. We might distinguish broadly between three different models:

1) An aggregative model which assumes that we can collect data based on the autonomous and anonymous decisions of “the crowd” and use it to gain insights into their collective behavior. This is the model which shapes Digg and to some degree, YouTube.

2) a curatorial model where grassroots intermediaries seek to represent their various constituencies and bring together information that they think is valuable. This is the model which shapes the blogosphere.

3) a deliberative model where many different voices come together, define problems, vet information, and find solutions which would be impossible for any individual to achieve. This is the model shaping Wikipedia or even more powerfully alternate universe games. Of the three, the deliberative model offers the most democratic potentials, especially when it is tempered by ethical and political commitments to diversity. This is the model which Pierre Levy describes in his book, Collective Intelligence. Levy’s account stresses the affirmative value placed on diversity in such a culture. The more diverse the community, the broader range of possible information and insights can inform the deliberative process." (http://henryjenkins.org/2009/11/reflections_on_cultural_politi_1.html)

Related Wiki Sections

Material on "Participation"
Examining the new relationality and cooperative individualism
The emerging sharing economy
Cooperation and cooperatives
Material on "Facilitation"

Key Resources

The Social Brain Hypothesis, (2016: no longer at www.liv.ac.uk/evolpsyc/Evol_Anthrop_6.pdf ) essay where Robin Dunbar explains the cognitive limitations of his Dunbar Number
The Social Brain Hypothesis and Human Evolution, Robin Dunbar
Book: Collective Intelligence: Creating a Prosperous at Peace. Ed. by Mark Tovey.

Key Articles

Great Information Transitions in the Past and the Present. By René Barsalo.

Emergence of a Global Brain. Francis Heylighen
Science of Collective Intelligence. Norman L Johnson
Civic Intelligence and the Public Sphere. Douglas Schuler
Co-intelligence, Collective Intelligence, and Conscious Evolution. Tom Atlee
Kingsley Dennis on The Great Acceleration: The Astounding Growth in the Psychological Evolution of the Human Self.
Moving from Binary to Ternary Thinking. John Michael Greer
Collective Sense-Making as Negotiated Agreement. Harold Jarche
The Evolution of Cognition. William L. Benzon and David G. Hays. [12]

Thomas Malone:

Harnessing Crowds: Mapping the Genome of Collective Intelligence. By Thomas Malone, Robert Laubacher, and Chrysanthos Dellarocas. [13]
What is Collective Intelligence? Thomas Malone

George Por:

Cultivating Collective Intelligence Leadership. George Pór

Key Books

George Dyson. Darwin Among The Machines: The Evolution Of Global Intelligence: wonderful history of the network mind
Otto Laske. Manual of Dialectical Thought Forms.
COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE: Creating a Prosperous World at Peace. Ed. by Mark Tovey. This book contains key essays from all major figures in the field. Full online version [14]
Handbook of Collective Intelligence By Thomas W. Malone et al.: This Handbook provides a survey of the field of collective intelligence, summarizing what is known, providing references to sources for further information, and suggesting possibilities for future research.