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Systems Thinking is a proven approach for developing innovative solutions to messy situations that often seem like intractable dilemmas. Would you like to know more?
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Systems thinking is a mental model that promotes the belief that the component parts of a system will act differently when isolated from its environment or other parts of the system, and argues against Descartes's reductionist view. It includes viewing systems in a holistic manner, rather than through purely reductionist techniques. It promotes gaining insights into the whole by understanding the linkages and interactions between the elements that comprise the whole "system", consistent with systems philosophy. Systems Thinking recognizes that all human activity systems are open systems; therefore, they are affected by the environment in which they exist. Systems Thinking recognizes that in complex systems events are separated by distance and time; therefore, small catalytic events can cause large changes in the system. Systems thinking acknowledges that a change in one area of a system can adversely affect another area of the system; thus, it promotes organizational communication at all levels in order to avoid the silo effect.
Systems thinkers consider that:
For further details see complex system
Systems thinkers are particularly interested in studying systems because changing a system frequently leads to counterintuitive system responses. For example feedback loops may operate to either keep the organization in check or unbalance it.
Traditional decision making tends to involve linear cause and effect relationships. By taking a systems approach, we can see the whole complex of bidirectional interrelationships. Instead of analysing a problem in terms of an input and an output, for example, we look at the whole system of inputs, processes, outputs, feedback, and controls. This larger picture will typically provide more useful results than traditional methods.
System thinking also helps us integrate the temporal dimension of any decision. Instead of looking at discrete "snapshots" at points in time, a systems methodology will allow us to see change as a continuous process.
Systems Thinking is a worldview based on the perspective of the systems sciences, which seeks to understand interconnectedness, complexity and wholeness of components of systems in specific relationship to each other. Systems thinking is not only constructivist, rather systems thinking embraces the values of reductionist science by understanding the parts, and the constructivist perspectives which seek to understand wholes, and more so, the understanding of the complex relationships that enable 'parts' to become 'wholes' as noted in the example below.
A system is any set (group) of interdependent or temporally interacting parts. Parts are generally systems themselves and are composed of other parts, just as systems are generally parts or components of other systems.
Systems thinking techniques may be used to study any kind of system -- natural, scientific, human, or conceptual.
Systems thinking often involves considering a "system" in different ways:
Rather than trying to improve the braking system on a car by looking in great detail at the composition of the brake pads (reductionist), the boundary of the braking system may be extended to include not only the components of the car, but the driver, the road and the weather, and considering the interactions between them.
Looking at something as a series of conceptual systems according to multiple viewpoints. A supermarket could be considered as a "profit making system" from the perspective of management, an "employment system" from the perspective of the staff, and a "shopping system" -- or perhaps an "entertainment system" -- from the perspective of the customers. As a result of such thinking, new insights may be gained into how the supermarket works, why it has problems, or how changes made to one such system may impact on the others.
Systems thinking uses a variety of techniques that may be divided into:
Systems thinking is increasingly being used to tackle a wide variety of subjects in fields such as management, computing, engineering and the environment.
de:Systemdenken (Systemtheorie)
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See Systems Thinking
Systems thinking provides tools and approaches to problem solving. (Soft Systems Methodology) and architecture and design (Hard Systems Methodology .. like Systems Engineering).
See Peter Checkland 's book, Systems Thinking, Systems Practice for more information on Soft Systems Methodology (SSM)
Another good reference site: SystemsWiki
Cybernetics and view of Systems Thinking evolution
See also System Thinking: Creative Holism for Managers
By Michael C. Jackson
Systems Thinking References
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In systems thinking, an object is considered as a set of interrelated and/or interacting elements. The functions, properties and structure of elements, even the way of system segmentation onto elements, may depend on the goals of studies of the object.(Theory of Classification)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_thinking
Depiction of systems thinking about society
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Systems thinking is a way of making sense of the complexity of the world by looking at it in terms of wholes and relationships rather than by splitting it down into its parts.[1][2] It has been used as a way of exploring and developing effective action in complex contexts,[3] enabling systems change.[4][5] Systems thinking draws on and contributes to systems theory and the system sciences.[6]
Main article: Systems theory § History
The term system is polysemic: Robert Hooke (1674) used it in multiple senses, in his System of the World,[7]: p.24 but also in the sense of the Ptolemaic system versus the Copernican system[8]: 450 of the relation of the planets to the fixed stars[9] which are cataloged in Hipparchus and Ptolemy's Star catalog.[10] Hooke's claim was answered in magisterial detail by Newton's (1687) Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Book three, The System of the World[11]: Book three (that is, the system of the world is a physical system).[7]
Newton's approach, using dynamical systems continues to this day.[8] In brief, Newton's equations (a system of equations) have methods for their solution.
System output can be controlled with feedback.
By 1824 the Carnot cycle presented an engineering challenge, which was how to maintain the operating temperatures of the hot and cold working fluids of the physical plant.[12] In 1868 James Clerk Maxwell presented a framework for, and a limited solution to the problem of controlling the rotational speed of a physical plant.[13] Maxwell's solution echoed James Watt's (1784) centrifugal moderator (denoted as element Q) for maintaining (but not enforcing) the constant speed of a physical plant (that is, Q represents a moderator, but not a governor, by Maxwell's definition).[14][a]
Maxwell's approach, which linearized the equations of motion of the system, produced a tractable method of solution.[14]: 428–429 Norbert Wiener identified this approach as an influence on his studies of cybernetics[b] during World War II[14] and Wiener even proposed treating some subsystems under investigation as black boxes.[18]: 242 Methods for solutions of the systems of equations then become the subject of study, as in feedback control systems, in stability theory, in constraint satisfaction problems, the unification algorithm, type inference, and so forth.
"So, how do we change the structure of systems to produce more of what we want and less of that which is undesirable? ... MIT’s Jay Forrester likes to say that the average manager can ... guess with great accuracy where to look for leverage points—places in the system where a small change could lead to a large shift in behavior".[19]: 146 — Donella Meadows, (2008) Thinking In Systems: A Primer p.145 [c]
System boundary in context System input and output allows exchange of energy and information across boundary.
"...What is a system? A system is a set of things ... interconnected in such a way that they produce their own pattern of behavior over time. ... But the system’s response to these forces is characteristic of itself, and that response is seldom simple in the real world".—Dana Meadows[19]: 2
Living systems are resilient,[24] and are far from equilibrium.[19]: Ch.3 [40] Homeostasis is the analog to equilibrium, for a living system; the concept was described in 1849, and the term was coined in 1926.[41][42]
Resilient systems are self-organizing;[24][d][19]: Ch.3 [43]
The scope of functional controls is hierarchical, in a resilient system.[24][19]: Ch.3
Frameworks and methodologies for systems thinking include:
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Systems_thinking
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Systems thinking
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` The Arlington Institute
`B
` Béla H. Bánáthy
Battle command knowledge system
Business continuity planning
`C
` Club of Budapest
Club of Rome
Cognitive acceleration
Complexity, Systems Thinking and Practice
Ted Coombs
`D
` Delphi method
Digital strategy
`E
` Eco-industrial development
Educational entertainment
Energy Research Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences
`F
` Friday Night at the ER
Future history
Future Map
Future Search
Futures studies
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Futuribles International
Futurist
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` Global Alliance for Peace and Prosperity
`H
` Ray Hammond
Arthur Harkins
Holonic map
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` Interdependence
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
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` Joint decision trap
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` Kaya identity
Kybernetes
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` Lateral thinking
Learning organization
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` Draft:Management cockpit
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` The Project on Forward Engagement
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` Quality function deployment
Quality storyboard
`R
` Edwin W. Rawlings
Real-time Delphi
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` Scenario analysis
Scenario planning
Sensemaking
Service innovation
Singularitarianism
Software quality
STELLA (programming language)
Strategic management
Structure follows strategy
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` Thinking outside the box
Thought leader
TLG index of thought leaders
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` Work systems
World Future Society
World Futures Studies Federation
Worst-case scenario
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` Thomas Young (scientist)