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Conceptual Blending

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_blending

Conceptual blending, also called conceptual integration or view application, is a theory of cognition developed by Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner. According to this theory, elements and vital relations from diverse scenarios are "blended" in a subconscious process, which is assumed to be ubiquitous to everyday thought and language. Conceptual blending is an emerging field of studies for computer scientists wishing to pursue researches in artificial intelligence.[citation needed]

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During the Upper Paleolithic, human beings developed an unprecedented ability to innovate. They acquired a modern human imagination, which gave them the ability to invent new concepts and to assemble new and dynamic mental patterns. The results of this change were awesome: human beings developed art, science, religion, culture, refined tool use, and language. Our ancestors gained this superiority through the evolution of the mental capacity for conceptual blending. Conceptual blending has a fascinating dynamics and a crucial role in how we think and live. It operates largely behind the scenes. Almost invisibly to consciousness, it choreographs vast networks of conceptual meaning, yielding cognitive products, which, at the conscious level, appear simple. Blending is a process of conceptual mapping and integration that pervades human thought. A mental space is a small conceptual packet assembled for purposes of thought and action. A mental space network connects an array of mental spaces. A conceptual integration network is a mental space network that contains one or more "blended mental spaces." A blended mental space is an integrated space that receives input projections from other mental spaces in the network and develops emergent structure not available from the inputs. Blending operates under a set of constitutive principles and a set of governing principles. The theory of conceptual blending has been applied in cognitive neuroscience, cognitive science, psychology, linguistics, music theory, poetics, mathematics, divinity, semiotics, theory of art, psychotherapy, artificial intelligence, political science, discourse analysis, philosophy, anthropology, and the study of gesture and of material culture.

http://markturner.org/blending.html


Introduction

   A conceptual integration and conceptual confusion is seen as epistemology, according to which elements of different areas are mixed, resulting in confusion of mental spaces in the subconscious of man. This theory, proposed by Gilles Fokone (Gilles Fauconnier) and Mark Turner (Mark Turner 1993, 1998), has provided new opportunities for research for the following theories: the theory of metaphor, analogy theory, conceptual combination, grammatikalizatsii, the theory of solutions of abstract problems, and many others.

   Most of the work, one way or another, affect the subject of conceptual confusion, which is closely connected with the theory of metaphor, which, in particular, developing Fokone J. and M. Turner. The modern theory of metaphor, represented in American linguistics J. Lakoffom (Lacoff 1980, 1991, 1992), based on a cognitive approach to the study of metaphor. The metaphor seems a fact of thinking kontseptualiziruyuschim picture of our world, rather than a purely linguistic phenomenon. As you know, the traditional model of metaphor is a two-room structure in which the first space has a metaphorical description of a "source" (source), and the second - the metaphor is reflected (target). This model has been widely distributed and has been the basis for various theories, which were engaged in the development of such scholars as A. Richards, M. Black, A. Kestler, Lakoff and Johnson. Insufficient two-room model was that the prisoners in the two spaces are not always given the opportunity to design and interpretation of metaphors based on real knowledge of the world. In this regard, with the integration of neighboring addresses metaphors that are used as connectors between spaces. As a result, identify a new conceptual space, which is derived from the integration of the source and purpose, that is, does not fit in the closed dvuhstrukturnoy model.


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