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Types of Research

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Types of Research

1. VARIOUS TYPES OF RESEARCHES VAISALI K B070225AR
2. WHAT IS RESEARCH?The systematic, rigorous investigation of asituation or problem in order to generate newknowledge or validate existing knowledge.
3. APPLIED RESEARCH APPLIED RESEARCH BASIC RESEARCH Applied research refers to scientific study and research that CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH seeks to solve practical problems. Applied research is used to find solutions to everyday problems, cure illness, and develop DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH innovative technologies, rather than to acquire knowledge for ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH knowledges sake. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH For example, applied researchers may investigate ways to: EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . • Improve agricultural crop productionGROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. • Treat or cure a specific disease • Improve the energy efficiency of homes, offices, or modes HISTORICAL RESEARCH of transportation PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
4. APPLIED RESEARCH BASIC RESEARCH BASIC RESEARCH Basic (aka fundamental or pure ) research is driven by a CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH scientists curiosity or interest in a scientific question. The main motivation is to expand mans knowledge, not to create DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH or invent something. There is no obvious commercial value to ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH the discoveries that result from basic research. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH For example, basic science investigations probe for answers EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . to questions such as:GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. • How did the universe begin? • What are protons, neutrons, and electrons composed of? HISTORICAL RESEARCH • How do slime molds reproduce? PHENOMENOLOGICAL • What is the specific genetic code of the fruit fly? RESEARCH QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
5. APPLIED RESEARCH CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH BASIC RESEARCHCORRELATIONAL RESEARCH Correlational research refers to the systematic investigation or statistical study of relationships among two or more variables, DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH without necessarily determining cause and effect. ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH It Seeks to establish a relation/association/correlation EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH between two or more variables that do not readily lend themselves to experimental manipulation. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . For example, to test the hypothesis “ Listening to music lowersGROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. blood pressure levels” there are 2 ways of conducting research HISTORICAL RESEARCH • Experimental – group samples and make one group listen to music and then compare the bp levels PHENOMENOLOGICAL • Survey – ask people how they feel ? How often they listen? RESEARCH And then compare QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
6. APPLIED RESEARCH CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH BASIC RESEARCHCORRELATIONAL RESEARCH Advantages: DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH 1) Can collect much information from many subjects at one time. ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH 2) Can study a wide range of variables and their EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH interrelations. 3) Study variables that are not easily produced in the EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . laboratory.GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. Disadvantages: HISTORICAL RESEARCH 1) Correlation does not indicate causation( cause and PHENOMENOLOGICAL effect). RESEARCH 2) Problems with self-report method . QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
7. APPLIED RESEARCH DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH BASIC RESEARCH CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH Descriptive research refers to research that provides an accurate portrayal of characteristics of a particular individual, DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH situation, or group. Descriptive research, also known as statistical research. ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH These studies are a means of discovering new meaning, EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH describing what exists, determining the frequency with which something occurs, and categorizing information. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH .GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. In short descriptive research deals with everything that can be counted and studied, which has an impact of the lives of the HISTORICAL RESEARCH people it deals with. PHENOMENOLOGICAL For example, RESEARCH • finding the most frequent disease that affects the children of a town. The reader of the research will know what to do to QUALITATIVE RESEARCH prevent that disease thus, more people will live a healthy life. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
8. APPLIED RESEARCH DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH BASIC RESEARCH CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH Advantages: DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH • The people individual studied are unaware so they act naturally or as they usually do in everyday situation; ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH • It is less expensive and time consuming than quantitative experiments; EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH • Collects a large amount of notes for detailed studying; • As it is used to describe and not make any conclusions it is EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . to start the research with it;GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. Disadvantages HISTORICAL RESEARCH PHENOMENOLOGICAL • Descriptive research requires more skills. • Does not identify cause behind a phenomenon RESEARCH • Response rate is low in this research. • Results of this research can change over the period of QUALITATIVE RESEARCH time. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
9. APPLIED RESEARCH ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH BASIC RESEARCH Ethnographic research refer to the investigation of a culture CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH through an in-depth study of the members of the culture; it involves the systematic collection, description, and analysis DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH of data for development of theories of cultural behaviour.ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH • It studies people, ethnic groups and other ethnic EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH formations, their ethno genesis, composition, EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . resettlement, social welfare characteristics, as well as their material and spiritual culture.GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. • Data collection is often done through participant HISTORICAL RESEARCH observation, interviews, questionnaires, etc. PHENOMENOLOGICAL • The purpose of ethnographic research is to attempt to RESEARCH understand what is happening naturally in the setting and to interpret the data gathered to see what implications QUALITATIVE RESEARCH could be formed from the data. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
10. APPLIED RESEARCH EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH BASIC RESEARCH Experimental research is an objective, systematic, controlled CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH investigation for the purpose of predicting and controlling DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH phenomena and examining probability and causality among selected variables. ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH AdvantagesEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH • Best establishes cause-and-effect relationships EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . DisadvantagesGROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. HISTORICAL RESEARCH • Artificiality PHENOMENOLOGICAL • Feasibility RESEARCH • Unethical QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
11. APPLIED RESEARCH EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH BASIC RESEARCH The simplest experimental design includes two variables and two CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH groups of participants. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH The two variables(Independent versus Dependent variables). ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH • The IV is the predictor variable whereas the DV is the outcomeEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH variable. • Researchers manipulate and control the IV to study its effect on EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . the DV.GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. The two groups of participants (Control versus Experimental group). HISTORICAL RESEARCH • Before beginning the experiment, the researcher (randomly) PHENOMENOLOGICAL assigns his/her sample to two different groups: the control group and the experimental (treatment group or clinical group). RESEARCH • The control group receives no manipulation of the IV (no treatment), whereas the experimental group receives the QUALITATIVE RESEARCH manipulation of the IV QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
12. APPLIED RESEARCH EXPLORATORY RESEARCH BASIC RESEARCH Exploratory research is a type of research conducted for a CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH problem that has not been clearly defined. Exploratory research helps determine the best research design, data DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH collection method and selection of subjects. ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH • The results of exploratory research are not usually useful EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH for decision-making by themselves, but they can provide significant insight into a given situationEXPLORATORY RESEARCH . • Exploratory research is not typically generalizable toGROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. the population at large. HISTORICAL RESEARCH • Exploratory research can be quite informal, relying on secondary research such as reviewing available PHENOMENOLOGICAL literature and/or data, or qualitative approaches such as informal discussions with consumers, employees, RESEARCH management or competitors, and more formal approaches QUALITATIVE RESEARCH through in-depth interviews, focus groups, projective methods, case studies or pilot studies. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
13. APPLIED RESEARCH GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH BASIC RESEARCH Grounded theory research is a research approach designed toCORRELATIONAL RESEARCH discover what problems exist in a given social environment and how the persons involved handle them; it involves formulation, DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH testing, and reformulation of propositions until a theory is developed.ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCHEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH Grounded theory is a research method that operates almost in a reverse fashion from traditional research and at first may appear toEXPLORATORY RESEARCH . be in contradiction to the scientific method. GROUNDED THEORY Four stages: RESEARCH. 1. Codes-Identifying anchors that allow the key points of the data to be gathered HISTORICAL RESEARCH 2. Concepts-Collections of codes of similar content that allows the PHENOMENOLOGICAL data to be grouped 3. Categories-Broad groups of similar concepts that are used to RESEARCH generate a theory 4. Theory-A collection of explanations that explain the subject of QUALITATIVE RESEARCH the research (hypotheses)QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
14. APPLIED RESEARCH HISTORICAL RESEARCH BASIC RESEARCH Historical research is research involving analysis of events that occurred in the remote or recent past CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH Application • Historical research can show patterns that occurred in the past ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH and over time which can help us to see where we came from EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH and what kinds of solutions we have used in the past. • Understanding this can add perspective on how we examine EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . current events and educational practices.GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. The steps involved in the conduct of historical research HISTORICAL RESEARCH Here are the five steps: 1. Identification of the research topic and formulation of the PHENOMENOLOGICAL research problem or question. RESEARCH 2. Data collection or literature review 3. Evaluation of materials QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 4. Data synthesis 5. Report preparation or preparation of the narrative exposition QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
15. APPLIED RESEARCH HISTORICAL RESEARCH BASIC RESEARCH Historical research gives a social scientist a better context for CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH making realistic decisions. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH Strengths • Provides a comprehensive picture of historical trends ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH • Uses existing information EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH • Provides evidence of on-going trends and problems EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . Limitations • Time-consumingGROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. • Resources may be hard to locate • Resources may be conflicting HISTORICAL RESEARCH • May not identify cause of a problem • Information may be incomplete, obsolete, inconclusive, or PHENOMENOLOGICAL inaccurate • Data restricted to what already exists RESEARCH QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
16. APPLIED RESEARCH PHENOMENLOGICAL RESEARCH BASIC RESEARCH Phenomenological research an inductive, descriptive research CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH approach developed from phenomenological philosophy; its aim is to describe an experience as it is actually lived by the DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH person ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH • Phenomenology is concerned with the study of experience EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH from the perspective of the individual, ‘bracketing’ taken-for- granted assumptions and usual ways of perceiving. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . • They are based in a paradigm of personal knowledge andGROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. subjectivity, and emphasise the importance of personal HISTORICAL RESEARCH perspective and interpretation. PHENOMENOLOGICAL • As such they are powerful for understanding subjective RESEARCH experience, gaining insights into people’s motivations and actions, and cutting through the clutter of taken-for-granted QUALITATIVE RESEARCH assumptions and conventional wisdom. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
17. APPLIED RESEARCH BASIC RESEARCH On a broader perspective, all researches CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH can be classified into two groups: DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH • Qualitative Research EXPLORATORY RESEARCH .GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. • Quantitative Research HISTORICAL RESEARCH PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
18. APPLIED RESEARCH QUALITATIVE RESEARCH BASIC RESEARCH CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH Qualitative research is research dealing with phenomena that are difficult or impossible to quantify mathematically, such as beliefs, DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH meanings, attributes, and symbols ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH Qualitative researchers aim to gather an in-depth EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . understanding of human behaviour and the reasons that govern such behaviour. The qualitative method investigatesGROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. the why and how of decision making, not just what, where, when. HISTORICAL RESEARCH PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
19. APPLIED RESEARCH QUALITATIVE RESEARCH BASIC RESEARCH Advantages • It enables more complex aspects of a persons experience to CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH be studied • Fewer restriction or assumptions are placed on the data to DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH be collected. ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH • Not everything can be quantified, or quantified easily, Individuals can be studied in more depth EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH • Good for exploratory research and hypothesis generation • The participants are able to provide data in their own words EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . and in their own wayGROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. Disadvantages HISTORICAL RESEARCH • It is more difficult to determine the validity and reliability of PHENOMENOLOGICAL linguistic data • there is more subjectivity involved in analysing the data. RESEARCH • “Data overload” – open-ended questions can sometimes create lots of data, which can take along time to analyse! QUALITATIVE RESEARCH • Time consuming QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
20. APPLIED RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH BASIC RESEARCH Quantitative research refers to the systematic empirical investigation of any phenomena via statistical, mathematical or CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH computational techniques. The objective of quantitative research is to develop and employ mathematical DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH models, theories and/or hypotheses pertaining to phenomena ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH Quantitative research is generally made using scientific EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH methods, which can include: EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . • The generation of models, theories and hypothesesGROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. • The development of instruments and methods for HISTORICAL RESEARCH measurement PHENOMENOLOGICAL • Experimental control and manipulation of variables RESEARCH • Collection of empirical data QUALITATIVE RESEARCH • Modelling and analysis of dataQUANTITATIVE RESEARCH • Evaluation of results
21. APPLIED RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH BASIC RESEARCH Advantages • Quantitative research allows the researcher to measure and CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH analyse data. • The researcher is more objective about the findings of the DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH research. ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH • Quantitative research can be used to test hypotheses in experiments because of its ability to measure data using EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH statistics. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . DisadvantagesGROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. • The main disadvantage of quantitative research is the context of the study or experiment is ignored. HISTORICAL RESEARCH • Quantitative research does not study things in a natural PHENOMENOLOGICAL setting or discuss the meaning things have for different people. RESEARCH • A large sample of the population must be studied for more accurate results QUALITATIVE RESEARCHQUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
22. THANK YOU


https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Research_Methods/Types_of_Research

Research Methods/Types of Research

 

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Research can be classified in many different ways on the basis of the methodology of research, the knowledge it creates, the user group, the research problem it investigates etc.

Contents

 

Basic research

This research is conducted largely for the enhancement of knowledge, and is research which does not have immediate commercial potential. The research which is done for human welfare, animal welfare and plant kingdom welfare. It is called basic, pure, fundamental research. The main motivation here is to expand man's knowledge, not to create or invent something. According to Travers, “Basic Research is designed to add to an organized body of scientific knowledge and does not necessarily produce results of immediate practical value.” Such a research is time and cost intensive. (Example: A experimental research that may not be or will be helpful in the human progress.)

Applied Research

Applied research is designed to solve practical problems of the modern world, rather than to acquire knowledge for knowledge's sake. The goal of applied research is to improve the human condition. It focuses on analysis and solving social and real life problems. This research is generally conducted on a large scale basis and is expensive. As such, it is often conducted with the support of some financing agency like the national government, public corporation, world bank, UNICEF, UGC, Etc. According to Hunt, “applied research is an investigation for ways of using scientific knowledge to solve practical problems” for example:- improve agriculture crop production, treat or cure a specific disease, improve the energy efficiency of homes, offices, how can communication among workers in large companies be improved.

Problem oriented research

Research is done by industry apex body for sorting out problems faced by all the companies. Eg:- WTO does problem oriented research for developing countries, in India agriculture and processed food export development authority (APEDA) conduct regular research for the benefit of agri-industry.

• As the name indicates, Problem identifying researches are undertaken to know the exact nature of problem that is required to be solved.

• Here, one clarification is needed when we use the term ‘Problem’, it is not a problem in true sense. It is usually a decision making dilemma or it is a need to tackle a particular business situation.

• It could be a difficulty or an opportunity.

For e.g.:-Revenue of Mobile company has decreased by 25% in the last year. The cause of the problem can be any one of the following:

• Poor quality of the product. • Lack of continuous availability. • Not so effective advertising campaign. • High price. • Poor calibre / lack of motivation in sales people/marketing team. • Tough competition from imported brands. • Depressed economic conditions


• In the same case, suppose the prime cause of problem is poor advertising campaign & secondary cause is higher pricing. • To tackle the problem of poor advertising, we have to answer questions like, what can be the new advertising campaign, who can be the brand ambassador, which media, which channel, at what time & during which programme advertisements will be broadcast.

Problem solving

This type of research is done by an individual company for the problem faced by it. Marketing research and market research are the applied research. For eg:- videocon international conducts research to study customer satisfaction level, it will be problem solving research. In short, the main aim of problem solving research is to discover some solution for some pressing practical problem.

Quantitative Research

This research is based on numeric figures or numbers. Quantitative research aim to measure the quantity or amount and compares it with past records and tries to project for future period. In social sciences, “quantitative research refers to the systematic empirical investigation of quantitative properties and phenomena and their relationships”. The objective of quantitative research is to develop and employ mathematical models, theories or hypothesis pertaining to phenomena.

The process of measurement is central to quantitative research because it provides fundamental connection between empirical observation and mathematical expression of quantitative relationships. Statistics is the most widely used branch of mathematics in quantitative research. Statistical methods are used extensively with in fields such as economics and commerce.

In sum, the research using the normative approach conducts why may be called quantitative research as the inferences from it are largely based on quantitative data. Moreover, objectivity is the primary guard so that the research may be replicated by others, if necessary.

Qualitative Research

Qualitative research presents non-quantitative type of analysis. Qualitative research is collecting, analyzing and interpreting data by observing what people do and say. Qualitative research refers to the meanings, definitions, characteristics, symbols, metaphors, and description of things. Qualitative research is much more subjective and uses very different methods of collecting information,mainly individual, in-depth interviews and focus groups.

The nature of this type of research is exploratory and open ended. Small number of people are interviewed in depth and or a relatively small number of focus groups are conducted. Qualitative research can be further classified in the following type.

I. Phenomenology:-a form of research in which the researcher attempts to understand how one or more individuals experience a phenomenon. Eg:-we might interview 20 victims of bhopal tragedy.

II. Ethnography:- this type of research focuses on describing the culture of a group of people. A culture is the shared attributes, values, norms, practices, language, and material things of a group of people. Eg:-the researcher might decide to go and live with the tribal in Andaman island and study the culture and the educational practices.

III. Case study:-is a form of qualitative research that is focused on providing a detailed account of one or more cases. Eg:-we may study a classroom that was given a new curriculum for technology use.

IV. Grounded theory:- it is an inductive type of research,based or grounded in the observations of data from which it was developed; it uses a variety of data sources, including quantitative data, review of records, interviews, observation and surveys

V. Historical research:-it allows one to discuss past and present events in the context of the present condition, and allows one to reflect and provide possible answers to current issues and problems. Eg:-the lending pattern of business in the 19th century.

In addition to the above, we also have the descriptive research. Fundamental research, of which this is based on establishing various theories

Also the research is classified into:

  1. Descriptive research
  2. Analytical research
  3. Fundamental research
  4. Conceptual research
  5. Empirical Research  
  6. One time research or longitudinal research
  7. Field-setting research or laboratory research or simulation research
  8. Clinical or diagnostic research
  9. Exploratory research
  10. Historical research
  11. Conclusion oriented research
  12. Case study research
  13. Short term research

https://research-methodology.net/research-methodology/research-types/

Types of Research Methods

Business research methods can be defined as “a systematic ad scientific procedure of data collection, compilation, analysis, interpretation, and implication pertaining to any business problem”[1]. Types of research methods can be classified into several categories according to the nature and purpose of the study and other attributes. In methodology chapter of your dissertation, you are expected to specify and discuss the type of your research according to the following classifications.

 

 

General Classification of Types of Research Methods

Types of research methods can be broadly divided into two quantitative and qualitative categories.

Quantitative research “describes, infers, and resolves problems using numbers. Emphasis is placed on the collection of numerical data, the summary of those data and the drawing of inferences from the data”[2].

Qualitative research, on the other hand, is based on words, feelings, emotions, sounds and other non-numerical and unquantifiable elements. It has been noted that “information is considered qualitative in nature if it cannot be analysed by means of mathematical techniques. This characteristic may also mean that an incident does not take place often enough to allow reliable data to be collected”[3]

 

Types of Research Methods According to Nature of the Study

Types of the research methods according to the nature of research can be divided into two groups: descriptive and analytical. Descriptive research usually involves surveys and studies that aim to identify the facts. In other words, descriptive research mainly deals with the “description of the state of affairs as it is at present”[4], and there is no control over variables in descriptive research.

Analytical research, on the other hand, is fundamentally different in a way that “the researcher has to use facts or information already available and analyse these in order to make a critical evaluation of the material”.[5]

Types of Research Methods According to the Purpose of the Study

According to the purpose of the study, types of research methods can be divided into two categories: applied research and fundamental research. Applied research is also referred to as an action research, and the fundamental research is sometimes called basic or pure research. The table below summarizes the main differences between applied research and fundamental research.[6] Similarities between applied and fundamental (basic) research relate to the adoption of a systematic and scientific procedure to conduct the study.[7]

Applied   Research Fundamental Research
§   Tries to eliminate the theory by adding to the basics of a discipline

§   Problems are analysed from the point of one discipline

§   Generalisations are preferred

§   Forecasting approach is implemented

§   Assumes that other variables do not change

§   Reports are compiled in a language of technical language of discipline

§   Aims to solve a problem by adding to the field of application of a discipline

§   Often several disciplines work together for solving the problem

§   Often researches individual cases without the aim to generalise

§   Aims to say how things can be changed

§   Acknowledges that other variables are constant by changing

§   Reports are compiled in a common language

Differences between applied and fundamental research

Types of Research Methods according to Research Design

On the basis of research design the types of research methods can be divided into two groups – exploratory and conclusive. Exploratory studies only aim to explore the research area and they do not attempt to offer final and conclusive answers to research questions. Conclusive studies, on the contrary, aim to provide final and conclusive answers to research questions.

Table below illustrates the main differences between exploratory and conclusive research designs:

 
Exploratory research Conclusive research
Structure Loosely structured in desing Well structured and systematic in design
Methodology Are flexible and investigative in methodology Have a formal and definitive methodology that needs to be followed and tested
Hypotheses Do not involve testing of hypotheses Most conclusive researches are carried out to test the formulated hypotheses
Findings Findings might be topic specific and might not have much relevance outside of researcher’s domain Findings are significant as they have a theoretical or applied implication

Main differences between exploratory and conclusive research[8]

 

My e-book, The Ultimate Guide to Writing a Dissertation in Business Studies: a step by step assistance contains discussions of research types and application of research methods in practice. The e-book also explains all stages of the research process starting from the selection of the research area to writing personal reflection. Important elements of dissertations such as research philosophyresearch approachresearch designmethods of data collection and data analysis, sampling and others are explained in this e-book in simple words.

John Dudovskiy

Types of research methods

 

[1] Bajpai, N. (2011) “Business Research Methods” Pearson Education India

[2] Herbst, F. & Coldwell, D. (2004) Business Research, Juta and Co Ltd, p.15

[3] Herbst, F. & Coldwell, D. (2004) Business Research, Juta and Co Ltd, p.13

[4] Kumar, R. (2008) “Research Methodology” APH Publishing Corporation

[5] Kumar, R. (2008) “Research Methodology” APH Publishing Corporation

[6] Table adapted from Kumar, R. (2008) “Research Methodology” APH Publishing Corporation

[7] Bajpai, N. (2011) “Business Research Methods” Pearson Education India

[8] Chawla, D. & Sodhi, N. (2011) “Research Methodology: Concepts and Cases” Vikas Publishing House PVT Ltd


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