https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharing_economy
See also: Collaborative consumption and Online sharing
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Sharing economy is an umbrella term with a range of meanings, often used to describe economic activity involving online transactions.[1] Originally growing out of the open-source community to refer to peer-to-peer based sharing of access to goods and services,[2] the term is now sometimes used in a broader sense to describe any sales transactions that are done via online market places, even ones that are business to business (B2B), rather than peer-to-peer. For this reason, the term sharing economy has been criticised as misleading, some arguing that even services that enable peer-to-peer exchange can be primarily profit-driven.[3] However, many commentators assert that the term is still valid as a means of describing a generally more democratized marketplace, even when it's applied to a broader spectrum of services. Alternatively, collaborative consumption or the sharing economy refers rather to resource circulation systems which allow a consumer two-sided role, in which consumers may act as both providers of resources or obtainers of resources.[4][5] This vision allows for a broader understanding of the sharing economy on the overarching criteria of consumer changing role capacity.[4][5]
Also known as shareconomy, collaborative consumption, collaborative economy, or peer economy, a common academic definition of the term refers to a hybrid market model (in between renting and gift giving) of peer-to-peer exchange[6]. Such transactions are often facilitated via community-based online services.[2][7] Uberization is also an alternative name for the phenomenon.[8]
See also
Links
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Sharing_economy
http://wiki.p2pfoundation.net/Category:Collaborative_Economy
Peer to peer dynamics drive self-aggregation around common value creation, which can either be driven from the bottom-up, or harnessed by existing corporations and institutions. In this new section, we look at the various forms this 'collaborative economy' is taking.
Introductory Material
Flagship Projects
* The Catalan Integral Cooperative as first Open Cooperative and strategic partner of the P2P Foundation
Characteristics of Generative Ownership Forms
from http://www.marjoriekelly.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Kelly-OOF-PR-Final.pdf (visited 2016-12)
THE DESIGN OF ECONOMIC POWER — The Architecture of Ownership
| EXTRACTIVE OWNERSHIP | GENERATIVE OWNERSHIP |
| 1. Financial Purpose: maximizing profits in the short term |
1. Living Purpose: creating the conditions for life over the long term |
| 2. Absentee Membership: ownership disconnected from the life of the enterprise |
2. Rooted Membership: ownership in human hands |
| 3. Governance by Markets: control by capital markets on autopilot |
3. Mission-Controlled Governance: control by those dedicated to social mission |
| 4. Casino Finance: capital as master |
4. Stakeholder Finance: capital as friend |
| 5. Commodity Networks: trading focused solely on price and profits |
5. Ethical Networks: collective support for ecological and social norms |
Typology
1
According to the Collaborative Economy Coalition, there are "Different Types of Collaborative Platforms":
Peer-to-Peer
P2P business models allow everyday citizens to rent, sell and share their homes, cars, bikes and services. These platforms allow families to create income out of otherwise non-producing assets, while giving consumers an alternative to services that are otherwise prohibitively expensive for them. Some P2P platforms allow consumers to directly buy professional creative and logistical services, while others empower citizens to give loans and startup capital to aspiring small businesspeople across America and the developing world.
Crowdsourcing platforms create a pure competitive marketplace for creative talent and services. These platforms allow consumers to easily announce their creative or logistical needs to the crowd, and then choose the highest quality and most competitively priced submission.
Collaborative online markets
Online marketplaces provide individuals access to globalization. Some online markets like Etsy provide a platform for consumers to buy directly from small businesses and artisans, allowing those small businesses to scale up their production and compete with mega-retailers. Other platforms allow consumers to sell, rent, and buy pre-owned goods, thus creating cashflow for families and a market for affordable items.
Group Purchasing Platforms
Some collaborative models use technology to allow consumers to leverage group bargaining and increase their purchasing power by connecting consumers with similar interests. These models aim to create perfect equilibrium of supply and demand, allowing small businesses to scale their businesses rapidly while also providing consumers the most competitive prices possible." (http://www.collaborativeeconomycoalition.org/what-is-the-collaborative-economy/)
2
According to the Collaborative Economy Coalition, there are "Different Types of Collaborative Platforms":
Peer-to-Peer
P2P business models allow everyday citizens to rent, sell and share their homes, cars, bikes and services. These platforms allow families to create income out of otherwise non-producing assets, while giving consumers an alternative to services that are otherwise prohibitively expensive for them. Some P2P platforms allow consumers to directly buy professional creative and logistical services, while others empower citizens to give loans and startup capital to aspiring small businesspeople across America and the developing world.
Crowdsourcing platforms create a pure competitive marketplace for creative talent and services. These platforms allow consumers to easily announce their creative or logistical needs to the crowd, and then choose the highest quality and most competitively priced submission.
Collaborative online markets
Online marketplaces provide individuals access to globalization. Some online markets like Etsy provide a platform for consumers to buy directly from small businesses and artisans, allowing those small businesses to scale up their production and compete with mega-retailers. Other platforms allow consumers to sell, rent, and buy pre-owned goods, thus creating cashflow for families and a market for affordable items.
Group Purchasing Platforms
Some collaborative models use technology to allow consumers to leverage group bargaining and increase their purchasing power by connecting consumers with similar interests. These models aim to create perfect equilibrium of supply and demand, allowing small businesses to scale their businesses rapidly while also providing consumers the most competitive prices possible." (http://www.collaborativeeconomycoalition.org/what-is-the-collaborative-economy/)
3
From Ouishare:
"This phenomena can be seen as the sum of the following developments:
Collaborative consumption is the seamless circulation of products and services among individuals through sharing, swapping, trading, renting, borrowing or giving, fostering access over ownership and reducing waste.
Crowdfunding and Person-to-Person Banking
Crowdfunding and person-to-person banking enable the circulation of capital between individuals to fund creative, social and entrepreneurial projects.
Open knowledge enables anyone to freely use, reuse, and redistribute knowledge such as content, data, code or designs. This principle is the foundation of commons-based peer production (such as free software, the creative commons, open science, …) as well as open education, open data and open governance.
Open design and manufacturing democratize the process of designing, producing and distributing physical goods by combining open knowledge with distributed infrastructures. They rely on tools, spaces, communities and marketplaces and are fueled by the maker movement, the culture of hacking and Do-It-Yourself (DIY).
Open and Horizontal Governance
open and horizontal governance are transforming organizations, public services and civic action. Leading examples include civic engagement platforms, participatory budgeting, open government initiatives, co-operatives, open value networks, horizontal organizations, swarms, do-ocracries and holacracies." (http://ouishare.net/en/about/collaborative_economy)
Short Citations
- You'd think that crowds would have models for business, rather than business having models for crowds.
- Bruce Sterling (tweet)
Long Citations
Chris Carlson:
"Corporations ARE the problem as the common institutional form of late capitalism, the social system that is the real root of poverty and inequality. Corporations are (temporarily) immortal, often unaccountable to national laws, brazenly criminal, murderous, and have only one purpose: to accumulate capital. They are not, and cannot be, moral actors in society. Even if the most pious, ascetic monks were put in charge of large corporations, the fiduciary responsibility of corporate leaders is to ensure the growth of profits and wealth for the stockholders or private owners. Corporations are not formed to do anything useful or beneficial to humans (except as an accidental byproduct), nor other species, nor the planet as a whole, unless (and only if) the activity produces profits. Corporate leaders can be personally very greedy or completely indifferent to personal wealth. It does not matter. If they don’t show steadily increasing “growth” (accumulating capital) they will be replaced by the next interchangeable “captain of industry.” (http://www.nowtopians.com/work-and-the-economy/%E2%80%9Ccorporate-greed%E2%80%9D-is-not-the-problem)
General overview table
Overview Pages
- Amateur-Driven Value Creation
- Citizen-Driven_Value_Creation
- Community-Driven_Value_Creation
- Crowd-Driven_Value_Creation
- Peer-Driven Value Creation
- User-Driven_Value_Creation
And also:
- Co-Creative Value Creation
- Collaborative Value Creation
- Distributed Value Creation
- Participatory Value Creation
- Socially-Driven Value Creation
Important Definitions
Via [3]:
- Innovation Networks = “Firms seamlessly weave internally and externally available invention and innovation services to optimize the profitability of their products, services, and business models.” [4]
- Crowdsourcing = sourcing small and large jobs from anyone and everyone.
- Expert Sourcing = sourcing from specialized, professional-grade, vetted experts.
- Wisdom of Crowds = the wisdom of the crowd’s collective intelligence outweighs any individuals.)
Related Wiki sections
Citations
"The 20th century was preoccupied with organizing the mass production system ... in the century to come ... how more people can collaborate more effectively on creating new ideas."
- Charles Leadbeater, in: We Think
-"In the economy of things yo uare identified by what you own. In the economy of ideas you are what you share."
- Charles Leadbeater, in: We Think
Long Citations
Scaling Up From One
Scale up from one: Regular people and small manufacturing companies that lack investment capital will be able to set up low investment, “start small and scale up as it goes” businesses. Thanks to the low-cost Internet virtual storefronts, and the low cost of small-scale manufacturing for prototypes and custom goods, new companies can get started on a shoestring budget, yet sell their wares or services to niche, global marketplaces.
- Hod Lipson & Melba Kurman [5]
How Social Enables Shared Alignment in the Purpose-Driven Business
"When you have shared purpose, it doesn’t matter how many people work “in the company” and how many work “with” the company or how many are serving as an army of volunteers who want to advance the mission. What will it look like to lead an organization when only 5% of talent affecting output is directly on payroll, and others come and go? Organizations will not need to be big to have a big impact. But they will need an extremely clear purpose, and shared, decentralized power throughout. When a clear purpose is coupled with shared power, people can self-organize to reach the goal.
In essence, organizations will finally act flat because they will actually be flat. (And, of course, this affects management’s role and how we all manage our careers. More on that in future posts.)
Work is freed. This changes not only how we work at the broadest levels — and how we organize every single part of our organizations — but what we make, how we produce and distribute it, and how we market and sell it. Is that scary? For many, yes. But, for better or worse, social is giving us this freedom."
- Nilover Merchant [6]
"Citizens unite to compete with multinationals: this is the entrepreneurship of the future; the entrepreneurship based on cooperation and participation as the key to develop large human organizations able to recover local production and to reactivate the economy. The cooperative and participative organizations apply an innovative approach to grow in a massive way: the members of the organization participate very actively in the co-creation, management and development of the cooperative. In cooperative and participative organizations the clients are the owners of the organization. They do not ask for money to banks or investors, they self-finance. They are non-lucrative structures with an aim of changing the current model by adding as many members as possible. Some success cases are Park Slope Food Coop in Brooklyn or Som Energia in Spain."
- Enladiana [7]
Examples
Interesting innovations:
Rachel Botsman, author of the book, What's Mine Is Yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumption, expects the consumer peer-to-peer rental market to become a $26 billion industry." (http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/arabic/article.cfm?articleid=2714)
Statistics
"Uniiverse has collated some startling figures detailing the opportunity space of ‘idlesourcing’:
- There are one billion cars on the road, 740 million of them carrying only one person, and 470m would be willing to carpool.
- There are 460 million homes in the developed world, with on average $3,000 worth of unused items available; and 69% of households would share these items if they could earn some money from it
- 300 million people in the developed world spend more than 20% of their waking hours alone and are looking for connection
- of the 2 billion internet-connected people in the world, 78% declare that their online experience has made them more amenable to sharing in the ‘real world’ (this conversion from online to offline sharing behaviour is confirmed by the Latitude Research survey). 80% of the 7 billion people on the planet today would declare that sharing makes them more happy. This means 5.7b people would be ready for a sharing economy."
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=Ig31ELGDJ0Q)
See also the video: The Social Basis for a Sharing Economy
- accessories & gifts http://meshing.it/categories/1-accessories-gifts
- books & writing , http://meshing.it/categories/2-books-writing
- business & innovation , http://meshing.it/categories/3-business-innovation (Book Commons
- careers, jobs & vocation , http://meshing.it/categories/4-careers-jobs-vocations
- creativity, media & the arts , http://meshing.it/categories/7-creativity-media-the-arts
- diy , http://meshing.it/categories/8-diy
- education , http://meshing.it/categories/9-education
- energy , http://meshing.it/categories/10-energy Sharing Energy
- entertainment , http://meshing.it/categories/23-entertainment
- farming & gardening , http://meshing.it/categories/14-farming-gardening
- fashion & clothing , http://meshing.it/categories/11-fashion-clothing
- finance & economics , http://meshing.it/categories/12-finance-economics
- food & drink , http://meshing.it/categories/13-food-drink
- government , http://meshing.it/categories/6-government
- health & fitness , http://meshing.it/categories/15-health-fitness
- home improvement , http://meshing.it/categories/18-home-improvement
- kids' stuff , http://meshing.it/categories/20-kids-stuff
- marketing services , http://meshing.it/categories/21-marketing-services
- mobility , http://meshing.it/categories/28-mobility
- natural resources & environment , http://meshing.it/categories/24-natural-resources-environment
- real estate , http://meshing.it/categories/25-real-estate
- seasonal & holidays , http://meshing.it/categories/26-seasonal-holidays
- technology & data , http://meshing.it/categories/27-technology-data
- travel , http://meshing.it/categories/29-travel
- upcycling & recycling , http://meshing.it/categories/30-upcycling-recycling
Key Resources
- News about the Sharing Economy via Twitter
- Innovation in Collaborative Consumption, monitor innovative initiatives here
- The Collaborative Economy Coalition promotes the continued success of collaborative business models by advocating for policy that defends and advances sustainable local enterprise and micro-entrepreneurism.
[8]
- Shareable magazine
Key Articles
- The Co-Belongingness of Money and Community. By Luigi Doria and Luca Fantacci.
- How Personal Fabrication Will Change Manufacturing and the Economy. Hod Lipson & Melba Kurman, in Factory@Home, pp. 51+. It contributes to: Ecosystems of small manufacturers; Long tail niche markets; Economic emergence of underserved communities; Consumer-led product design; Scale up from one; Mass customization and crowdsourcing; Eco-conscious and subsistence-level manufacturing; Less market research, more toolkits
- Product-Centered Business Supply Chain Development vs People-Centered Business Network Ecosystem Development
- Open vs Closed Platforms as Business Choice.From a dialogue between Jonathan Zittrain, a professor of Internet law at Harvard Law School, and Mark VandenBrink, who leads Frog Design, conducted by Mr. Sherr and Mr. Totty. [9]
- Bijoy Goswami on Social Capital vs. Market Capital: the social generates value, the market captures the value
- Charles Leadbeater: Pro-Ams as a Force for Social and Commercial Innovation
- Challenges to instutions in a Post-Gutenberg World. From an article by Richard Stacy [10]
- How Open Source Has Changed the Software Industry: Perspectives from Open Source Entrepreneurs. Juho Lindman, Risto Rajala. TIM, January 2012 [11]
- Venture Capital Investments in P2P Companies
- Can We Liberate the Market through Commons Governance? By Wouter Tebbens. [12] : "In the Barcelona-based Escola dels Commons we study the commons and right now we are discussing about the market, how current markets work and how they could work, if redefined under commons logic."
- Crisis of Value in a Collaborative Economy, by Izabella Kaminska.
Definition
- [[Defining the Sharing vs the Collaborative vs the Participatory Economy]]. By Tiberius Brastaviceanu. [13]
How-to:
Critique
Policy
The interplay between open source and capitalism
Key Books
Key Case Studies
- See the case study on the Glif iphone tripod for an example of integrated distributed funding, design, manufacturing, marketing, and fullfilment.
Key Movements
Local
- Consumo Colaborativo, Spain
- KoKonsum, Germany
- People Who Share, UK
- Unstash, Toronto, Canada
USA
- Collaborative Chats, San Francisco, USA
- Let’s Collaborate, NYC
- Share Exchange, Santa Rosa, USA
- Share Tompkins, Ithaca, NY
- Shared Squared, NYC
- Sharers of San Francisco
Key Statistics
"According to MIT Sloan Expert Jaime Contreras, the collaborative economy is far more than just a rapidly growing, nouveau approach to business; it could actually turn out to be a billion-dollar cash cow. A 110-billion-dollar cash cow, to be exact.
From MITS:\ “Today the sharing economy — the peer-to-peer exchange of goods and services — is being called next big trend in social commerce, and represents what some analysts say is a potential $110 billion market. Internet technology and access to information allow us to share our belongings with others more easily than ever before and wring value out of stuff we already own. That, coupled with many people’s desire to lead greener, less consumptive lives, is driving this trend.” (http://www.business2community.com/trends-news/know-collaborative-economy-110b-market-0745600)
The 2014 Shift in Business Mentality
The shift is happening at the core of business and capitalism as much as at the bottom: "Companies are increasingly eager to work together on research, development, and production. Last year, nervous about protecting their intellectual property, only 38% of executives were looking to collaborate more; today 77% report the risks associated with collaboration are worth taking. Two-thirds (64%) of executives are already engaged in collaborative activities. We are witnessing the rise of the global brain, where experts from outside are brought in—as knowledge is shared across industries and geographies. The democratization of technology is enabling a growing new generation of entrepreneurs who need partners to help them scale. Already 59% of businesses use open source innovation, involving partners such as entrepreneurs, to develop new ideas." (http://www.ideaslaboratory.com/projects/innovation-barometer-2014/)
See also, documenting a previous civic shift to trust in peers: the Edelman Peer Trust Barometer
Key Videos
Visualisations
| Aspect | Less Desirable Characteristics | Preferable Characteristics | Notes |
| Value |
Commodifies - Transactional economy, value created is partially or fully captured by a few |
Commonifies - Solidarity/gift economy, commons based peer production, value created is shared |
Does it turn nature into products and relationships into services? Does it protect and expand commons? - Market does not always = bad, however markets that require jobs and money to participate will exclude people - Monetisation may or may not be a feature, the key distinction is what happens to surplus and whether it is privatised/captured, or reinvested/circulated |
| Extractive - Extracts value from nature or people and captures it for the benefit of a few - For Profit = legal fiduciary responsibility to generate and distribute profit privately, often at social and environmental cost |
Regenerative - Reinvests value back into a system - Not For Profit - legally prevented from privatising surplus (this is a significant difference from B Corp, Corporate Social Responsibility) – predistribution, rather than tax and redistribute |
Does it build social capital, or tend to degrade it? Does it foster security or precarity? - Does it conserve natural capital or consume it (eg. does exchange of surplus stuff actually displace new purchases? Does it encourage consumption that otherwise wouldn’t have occurred?) - Does it create rebound effects (eg. people buying a car to drive for a ridesharing platform?) |
| POWER - Who owns it? |
Centralised - Power is in the hands of a few, who may seek to capture value |
Distributed - Power is in the hands of many, which may provide some immunity from value capture |
‘Distributed’ does = ‘good’ or inclusive eg. Bitcoin - ‘Centralised’ does not always = bad |
| Exclusive - Exclusion (which is not always monetary) locks people out of participation and the ability to benefit from value creation and exchange |
Inclusive/Participatory - Inclusion is more likely to result in value being shared |
Does it allow everyone who wants to participate to do so? - Are there opportunities for people to participate in creation and design? |
| (To be added) |
Mediated - Third party in between to orchestrate exchange, verify |
Disintermediated - No middle man or third party extracting value |
Mediated may = good (trust/verification) |
Subcategories
Giving Economy
Circular Economy
http://www.skillshare.com
Sharing City
Sharing Economy Companies
Sharing Economy Best Practices
Sharing Economy Reviews
Freelance
LETS
MicroJob Sites
Sharing Economy Problems
Sharing Economy Portals
Sharing Economy Fundamentals
Sharing Economy Groups
Sharing Economy Theories
Coworking Spaces
Sharing Sites
relocalising production
Sustainable P2P Humanity Project Initiatives
Sharing the future
mutualising idle resources
Wikinomics
Sharing Sites
relocalising production
Sustainable P2P Humanity Project Initiatives
Sharing the future
mutualising idle resources
Wikinomics
Sharing Economy Emergence Conditions
Sharing Economy Motivation
Licensing for Sharing Economy
``C
` ► Car sharing (1 C, 58 P)
``D
``F
`G
`H
` ► Hospitality services (41 P)
`M
``N
``P
``R
``S
` ► Book swapping (10 P)
``T
` ► Tool libraries (11 P)
`U
Pages
2
` 2.1.D. P2P as a global platform for autonomous cooperation
2nd Global Coworking Survey
`9
` 99 Designs
`A
` Abundant Exchange
Affinity Earning
Affinity Investing
Affinity Philanthropy
Affinity Purchasing
Agata Jaworska on the Design for Download Project
Airbnb
Alan Moore on Engagement Marketing
Alan Moore on the Faltering Mainstream Economy and the Emerging New Economy
Albert Cañigueral
Alfons Cornella on the Future as Co-Capitalism
Allsourcing
Alternative Economies Resource Guide
Alternative Economies Subgroup of OWS Arts and Labor
Amacca
Amateur to Amateur
Amateur-Driven Value Creation
Anne McCrossan on Reinventing the Organization
Anne‐Sophie Novel
Anti-Free Software Movement
App Economy
Apprlications Economy
Assembly
Asset-Sharing Movement
Augmented Collaborative Economy
Axel Bruns
Axel Bruns on Produsage
`B
` B Entrepreneurs
Banking Without Banks
BarCola
Barriers to Co-Creation
Barry Stein on the Optimal Size for the Efficiency of Community Enterprises
Ben Einstein on Building a Hardware Company
Benepreneur
Benjamin Tincq
Berlin Hardware Accelerator
Big Shift
Bijoy Goswami on Social Capital vs. Market Capital
BitInstant Bitcoin Economy
Bottom Up Era
Brazilian Local Development Community Banks
Brent Hoberman on Investment in Collaborative Consumption
BrickBuilders
Bright Futures
Buffer Vehicles as Commons in a Carpooling System
Building an Economic Ecosystem for New Business Models and Ideas
Building Trust in P2P Marketplaces
Business Process Crowdsourcing
Business to Consumer Sharing, Consumer to Consumer Sharing, and Business to Business Sharing
`C
` Can We Liberate the Market through Commons Governance
Capitalist Collaborative Production
Carpooling
Carrotmob
Carsharing
Case studies of Co-creative Labour
Casey Fenton on the CouchSurfing Experience
Centralized Control Behind Crowdsourcing
Chad Hurley on Revenue Sharing at YouTube
Characteristics of Future-Proof Companies in the Age of the Collaborative Commons
Charles Leadbeater on Collaborative Innovation
Charles Leadbeater on Open Innovation
Charles Leadbeater on We Think
Chris Anderson on Free as the Future of a Radical Price
Citizen Banking
Citizen Engineers
Citizen Journalism - Business Models
Citizen-Driven Value Creation
Civic Consumption
Classification of Crowdsourcing Approaches
Clickworker
Clickworkers
Clive Young on Fan Cinema
Cloud Commuting
Cloud Labor
Co-Belongingness of Money and Community
Co-City Turin
Co-Creating Health Services
Co-Creation
Co-Creation Facilitators
Co-Creation Forum
Co-Creative Recipe
Co-Creative Value Creation
Co-Design
Co-Governance
Co-Learning
Co-Production
Co-Revolution
Co-Society
Cohousing Directory
Collaboration Marketing
Collaboration Theory
Collaborative Chats
Collaborative Cities
Collaborative Consumption
Collaborative Consumption - Business Models
Collaborative Credit
Collaborative Economy
Collaborative Economy as an Opportunity for Cooperatives
Collaborative Economy Coalition
Collaborative Economy for the Common Good
Collaborative Economy Funding
Collaborative Economy in France
Collaborative Economy Technology Stack
Collaborative Fund
Collaborative Innovation at Michelin
Collaborative Innovation Networks
Collaborative Investment Research
Collaborative Lab
Collaborative Networks and the Productive Precariat
Collaborative Production
Collaborative Society
Collaborative Territories Toolkit
Collaborative Value Creation
Collaboratively Speaking with Shelby Clark of RelayRides
Collective Innovation
Collective Invention
Collective Invention of Bessemer Steel
Collective Invention of Blast Furnaces
Collective Invention of Steam Engines
Coloplast User-Driven Innovation
Common Good Finance
Common Welfare Economy
Commons-Based Peer Production
Communitarian Sharing Lifestyles
Community Bike Shops
Community Bike Shops - Business Models
Community Capitalism
Community Energy Pioneers in Finland
Community Funding Enterprise
Community Investment Enterprises
Community Lover’s Guide to the Universe
Community Self Help
Community-Driven
Community-Driven Value Creation
Community-Oriented Skillsharing Sites
Companies of the Commons
Compendium for the Civic Economy
Competition Platforms
Composability
Consumer-Generated Media
Consumer-Led Product Design
Consumer-Owned Cooperatives
Consumo Colaborativo
Contingent Cooperation
Coop-Laborative Economy
Cooperative and Participative Entrepreneurship
Cooperative Capital
Cooperative Capitalism
Cooperative Economics
Cooperative Innovation at Aventis
CoopFunding
Coordination Theory and Collaboration Technology
Corporate Complaint Sites
Corporate Open Innovation
Corporations
Coworfing
Coworking
Coworking 2.0
Coworking Directories
Coworking Visa
Coworking Wiki
Craigslist
Creating Good Work
Creating Sustainable Societies
Crime Sourcing
Crisis of Value in a Collaborative Economy
Critical Assessment of European Agenda for the Collaborative Economy
Critique of Kickstarter as a Scam
Cronnection
Crop Mob
Crowd
Crowd Business Models
Crowd Companies
Crowd Companies Association
Crowd Contests
Crowd Creativity
Crowd Expedition
Crowd Harnessing
Crowd IPR
Crowd Process Providers
Crowd-Based Insurance Startups
Crowd-Based Problem Solving
Crowd-Driven Value Creation
Crowd-Working
CrowdCon 2011 Panel on Cloud Labor
Crowdcreation
CrowdFlower
Crowdfunded Pre-Payments
Crowdfunding
Crowdfunding for Medical Expenses
Crowdmove
Crowdslaving
Crowdsourced Brainstorming
Crowdsourced Car Engineering
Crowdsourced Consumer Research
Crowdsourced Crisis Response
Crowdsourced Data Analysis
C
` Crowdsourced Design
Crowdsourced Design Management Platforms
Crowdsourced Patent Research
Crowdsourced Problem Solving
Crowdsourced Product Design
Crowdsourced Product Development and Design
Crowdsourced Translation
Crowdsourced User Testing
Crowdsourcing
Crowdsourcing - Examples
Crowdsourcing - Typologies
Crowdsourcing and Its Application in Marketing Activities
Crowdsourcing Business Models
Crowdsourcing Examples
Crowdsourcing Fashion
Crowdsourcing Idea Game
Crowdsourcing Landscape
Crowdsourcing New Product Ideas Under Consumer Learning
Culture and the Economy in the Internet Age
Culture of Contest
Curated Crowds
Curation Nation
Currencies of Transition
Customer Commons
Customer Communities
Customer Ecosystems
Customer-Build Network Infrastructures
Customer-Controlled Networks
Customer-Made
Cycle of the Solidarity Economy
`D
` Dan Schawbel on the Emerging Collaborative and Sharing Mentalities of the Millenial Generation
Daniel Granados on the New Intermediary Cultural and Business Platforms in the Music Industry
Daniel Hengeveld of NeighborGoods on Co-Sharing
Daniella Jaeger on Kickstarter
David Orban and Roberto Ostinelli on Open Spime
Decentralization of Taste
Defensive Patent Pool for Open Source Projects and Businesses
Defining the Sharing vs the Collaborative vs the Participatory Economy
Deflationary Effects of the Web Economy
Derrick de Kerckhove on Citizen Innovation
Designing Online Channels for Digital Humanitarians
Difference between Free Software and Free Web Services Business Models
Diffuse Innovation
Digital Divide in User-Generated Content
Digital Publishing in Developing Countries
Digital Social Innovation
Digital Social Innovation in Europe Map
Discussing the Montreal-Based Open Innovation Hub and Project VIE
Disintermediation
Disintermediation of the Content Production Value Chain
Distributed Capitalism
Distributed Cognition Theory - Hutchins
Distributed Computation
Distributed Creativity
Distributed Economies
Distributed Innovation
Distributed Innovation Platforms
Distributed Intellectual Product Right
Distributed Knowledge
Distributed Power Generation
Distributed Problem Solving
Distributed Retail
Distributed Selection
Distributed Social Networking
Distributed Systems Online
Distributed Value Creation
Distributive Enterprise
Distributive Production
DIY Health
DNA of Collaboration
Do-It-Yourself Biology and the Rise of Citizen Biotech-Economies
Don Tapscott on Macrowikinomics
Don Tapscott on the Taxonomy of Networks
Downloadable Design
Dreamups
`E
` E.F. Schumacher and the Reinvention of the Local Economy
EBay
EcoFreek
Ecological Effects of Carsharing
Economics of Coworking
Economy of Communion
Economy of Experiences
Edmund J. Walsh and Andrew J. Tibbetts on the Benefits and Risks of Open Source Software
Electronic Design Blueprint Aggregators
Elinor Ostrom on Social Capital
Emergence of an Economy of Communion
Emerging Leader Labs
Emerging Ownership Revolution
Enabling City
End of Value Chain Organisations
Energy Cooperatives
Enspiral
Enterprise Collaboration Services
Enterprise Facilitation
Entrepreneurs for the Commons Co-Design Laboratory
Equitable Profiteering
Equity-Based Crowdfunding
Eric Raymond on Open Source
Eric von Hippel
Eric Von Hippel on Democratizing Innovation
Eric von Hippel on Democratizing Innovation and Norms-based Intellectual Property Rights
Ethical Economy
Ethnographies of Co-Creation and Collaboration as Models of Creativity
European CoWorking Directory
Expert Sourcing
`F
` Fab Economy
Fair Phone
Farmer Landowner Match Program
Federated Retail
Felix Lepoutre on the Shared Ownership of Competence Platforms
Firms of Endearment
Five Ways Government Can Help Collaborative Consumption
Fon
Food Cooperatives
For-Profit Collective Solar Energy Purchasing
Four Future P2P Scenarios
Four Types of Co-Creation
Framework for European Crowdfunding
Free Coworking
Free Coworking Directory
Free Innovation
Free Revealing
Free Software Business Models
Free Software is not the Antonym of Commercial Software
Free Software Movement
Friendsurance
FrogMob
From Self-Service 1.0 to Self-Service 2.0
From the Command Economy to the eNetworked Industrial Ecosystem
Future of News Movement
Sharing the future
`G
` Gatewatching
Geert Lovink and Christopher Spehr on the Give Away Economy
Geo-location Services
George Dafermos on the Peer Governance of Open Source Projects
Getting Results from Crowds
Gig Economy
Gittip
Glen Glanaway on the DIY Economy
Glif
Global Research on Augmented Collaborative Economy 2016
Globalization of Communes
Gnu Manifesto, Peer Production and the Future of Humanity
Gongban
Government Support for User Innovation
GPL User Freedom vs. Apache License Developer Freedom
Gracenote
Grassroots Collective Entrepreneurship in Africa
Grassroots Innovations
Grassroots Sustainable Community-Based Enterprise in India
Group-Sharing Resource-Based Economy
Guide to Collaborative Consumption
Guide to the Crowdsourced Workforce
Guido Smorto
`H
` Hacker Spaces
Hacker Spaces - Business Models
Hacker Tribes
Handwerk 3.0
Harley-Davidson Fan Machine
Harnessing Crowds
Hazel Henderson on Socially Responsible Investment
Heather Marsh on Building a Co-operative Economy
Here Comes Everybody
Hiroshi Tasaka on the Future as Relational Capitalism
HitRECord
Hollywood Stock Exchange
Holvi
Homebrew
How Can Entrepreneurs Motivate Crowdsourcing Participants
How Far Will User-Generated Content Go
How Low Participation Costs Make Peer Production Inevitable
How Marketplace Lending Will Remake Banking As We Know It
How Not To Regulate Disruptive Business Models in California
How Open Hardware Drives Innovation in Digital Fabrication
How Open Source Abundance Destroys the Scarcity Basis of Capitalism
How Open Source Has Changed the Software Industry
How Personal Fabrication Will Change Manufacturing and the Economy
How the Death of Patents Unleashed Open Source Innovation for 3D Printing
How the Law Is Used To Stifle the Sharing Economy
Hugues de Jouvenel and Rachel Botsman on the Collaborative Economy for Regional Development
Human Cloud
Humanizing the Economy
`I
` IBM Idea Jam
Icehubs
Idea Management Platforms
Idle Sourcing
Impact Investing
Impact of the Collaborative Economy on the Labour Market
Incentives for Participation
Indie Business
Innovation Decentralization
Innovation Management and Policy Accelerated with Communication Technologies
Innovation Markets
Innovation Networks
Innovation of Community Energy in Finland and the UK
Innovation Through Collaborative Consumption
Innovation Toolkits
Innovation Without IP - History
Innovative Medicines Initiative
Integrative Crowdsourcing
Intellectual Origins of Value Co-Production
I
` Intercontinental Network for the Promotion of Social Solidarity Economy
Interview of Michel Bauwens by Bertram Niessen and Zoe Romano
Interview with Michel Bauwens for Basque Innovation Community
Interviews with Pioneers of Sharing Exchanges
Introduction to Open Source P2P Exchanges
Introduction to the Emerging Collaborative Economy
Is Peer Production Beyond Capitalism
Is There Such a Thing as Ethical Capitalism
`J
` James Surowiecki on the Wisdom of Crowds
Janelle Orsi on Steps Towards a Resilient Economy Through Cooperatives and Community Enterprise
Janelle Orsi on the Legal Framework for Resilient Community Enterprises
Jeff Howe on Crowdsourcing
Jellyweek
Jerry Michalsky on the Relationship Economy
Jim Zemlin on the Importance of Foundations for Collaborative Technological Development and Economics
John Boik on Creating Sustainable Societies
Joichi Ito on Innovation in Open Networks
Jonathan Zittrain on Cloud Labor and Minds for Sale
Joshua Vial on the Decentralized Practices That Inspired Enspiral
Journey Towards the Sustainable Enterprise Economy
Juho Salminen on Crowdsourcing Sites Focusing on Innovation
`K
` Karl Fitzgerald on Collaborative California
Katharina Hellwig
Kite-Building User Innovation Communities
Knowmads Business School
KoKonsum
`L
` Labour of User Co-creators
Ladder of Participation in the Peer Economy
Lala Deheinzelin
Large-Scale Internet Collaboration
Last-Minute Manufacturing
Latanya Sweeney on Privacy Rethinks in Privacy-Preserving Marketplaces
Lauren Higgings
Lead Users
Lead Users as a Source of Novel Product Concepts
Lead-User Innovation
Leasing Society
Legal Aspects of Crowd-Sourcing
Legal Issues around User-Generated Content in Virtual Worlds
Lego
Lego CUUSOO
Lego Factory
Lego Ideas
Let’s Collaborate
Lilian Ricaud
Linus Torvalds on Open Peer to Peer Design
Linus Torvalds on the Adoption of the Linux Operating System
Liquid Space
Literature Review on Academic Studies on the Effect of File-Sharing on the Recorded Music Industry
Livelihood Pods
Local Motors
Local Motors XC2V Crowdsourced Marine Assault Vehicle
Long Tail of Manufacturing
Looq Records
Lorraine Wilde on Organizing a Community Car Share
Loudsauce
`M
` Macrotasks
Make Sense
Making Sense of the UK Collaborative Economy
Making Society
Manage My Stuff Communities
Managing Open Innovation in Large Firms
Manifiesto Crowd
Manufacturer-Centric Innovation
Manufacturing Grid
Maori Business Philosophy
Mapping the Solidarity Economy
Maps of the Social and Solidarity Economy
Marina Gorbis on Evolving from Social Technologies to Social Organizations
Market for Personal Manufacturing
Marketplace Lending
María Perulero
Mass Amateurization
Mass Collaboration
Mass Collaboration Dissertation
Mass Customization
Massimo Banzi and Massimo Menichinelli on Co-Design
Matteo Cassese on the Conflict between Intimacy and Openness in Open Innovation
Mayo Fuster Morell on Barcelona as a Case Study on Urban Policy for Platform Cooperativism
McKinsey Report on the Social Economy
Meaning Organization
Means of Exchange
Measuring Openness
Media Crowdsourcing
Mesh
Mesh Labs
Michael Porter and Jane Nelson on Shared Value
Michel Bauwens OuiShare Talk on the Collaborative Economy at the Mutinerie in Paris
Michelle Long on the Business Alliance for Local Living Economies
Micro-Enterpreneurship
Microfranchising
Microtask Platforms
Microtasks
Microwork
Mindful Maps Presents Collaborative Consumption
Mitch Altman on What is a Hacker
Mode of Production of Intellectual Commons
Mondragon Empresa Abierta Open Business Models Research
Moore’s Cloud Business Principles
Motivational Approaches for Crowdsourcing
Mountain Biking
Muhammad Yunus on Building Social Businesses
Multi-Stakeholder Cooperatives Manual
Mutualism and the Collaborative Economy
`N
` National Crowdfunding Association - USA
Neighborhood Renting and Loan Systems
Neighborhood Sharing Sites
Neopets
Networked Innovation Initiatives
New Economy in Twenty Enterprises
New Economy Movement
New Pathways to Value through Co-Creation
No Straight Lines
Non-Market Activities
Non-Market Co-Creation
Noreena Hertz on Cooperative Capitalism
Not Just For Profit
`O
` Odiseo
OECD Study on the Participative Web and User Generated Content
Off-Grid Finance
On-Demand Workspaces
One Block Off the Grid
Online Multi-Level Marketing
Open Bank Project
Open Collaborative Innovation
Open Commercialization
Open Consulting
Open Customization
Open Cyprus
Open Design Competitions
Open Desks
Open Ecosystems
Open Fon Platform
Open Governance Index
Open Hardware Startups
Open Ideo
Open Ideo Design Quotient
Open Innovation
Open Innovation in the 18th Century Cornish Tin Mines
Open Innovation Movement
Open Invention Network
Open It Agency
Open Meeting Protocol
Open Offices
Open Platforms for Sustainable Production and Living
Open Publishing - Business Models
Open Sense
Open Services Innovation
Open Social Innovation
Open Source Astronomy
Open Source Cars
Open Source Community
Open Source Credit Rating Agency
Open Source Crowdsourcing Platform
Open Source Democratic Project Management
Open Source Hardware Economy is a Candy Economy
Open Source Market Economy
Open Source Resources for the Collaborative Economy
Open Source Software Communities
Open Source Support Vendors - Business Models
Open Source Talent
Open Talent Economy
Open Talent Ecosystem
Open Venturing Accelerator
Open vs Closed Platforms as Business Choice
Open-Source Startups
Openness as a Competitive Advantage for Hardware and Manufacturing Eco-Systems
Openness Undermines Advertizing
OpenOI
Organizational Transformation in the Digital Economy
OuiShare
OuiShare Fest
OuiShare Labs
OuiShare Talk with Michel Bauwens on the Economic Aspects of P2P
Ownerless Economy
`P
` P2P and Human Evolution Ch 2
P2P and Innovation
P2P Car Rental
P2P Carsharing
P2P Carsharing - Business Models
P2P Currency Exchange
P2P Entrepreneurial Learning
P2P Lab Publications
P2P Lending
P2P Media Vocabulary
P2P Mode of Production
P2P Rental and Sharing Marketplaces
P2P Transactions and Competition
P2P Travel Marketplaces
P2P Vehicle Sharing
Panel Discussion on Paid Crowdsourcing and On-Demand Workers in the Cloud
Panel on Collaborative Consumption Businesses
Participation Hierarchy in Co-Creative Communities
Participative Business Models
Participative Epistemology
Participative Public Services
Participatory Aid Marketplace
Participatory Culture
Participatory Journalism
Participatory Management
P
` Participatory Management - Semco
Participatory Service Networks
Participatory Spirituality
Participatory Urban Planning
Participatory Value Creation
Participatory Video
Partnership Models Between Producers and Consumers
Patent-Free Innovation
Patient Innovation
Patrick Meier Discusses Crowdsourced Crisis Response
Patrick Meier on Collaborative Mapping Platforms
Paul Light on the Search for Social Entrepreneurship
Pay As You Live
Pay-by-the-Word Content Marketplaces
Peer Mutualism, Market Power, and the Fallible State
Peer to Peer Finance Mechanisms to Support Renewable Energy Growth
Peer to Peer Microfinance Platforms
Peer-Driven Value Creation
Peer-To-Peer Accommodations Market
Peer-to-Peer Health Care
Peer-to-Peer Product-Service Systems
Peer-to-Peer Travel Management and Assistance
People Who Share
People-Centered Local Economies
Perceptions of Grassroots Urban Youth Entrepreneurs about Collective Engagement
Permalancing
Personal Event Network
Personal Manufacturing
Personal Manufacturing Machines
Peter Sunde on One Year of Flattr
Philippe Aigrain on A Self-Standing Financing Model to Help Sustain the Non-Market Digital Commons
Philippe Aigrain on the Conditions for Synergy between Free Non-market Exchanges and the Economy
Philips Sensing Platforms
Physibles
Piracy as Marketing
Platform Cooperativism Book
Player Generated Content
Pop-Up Innovation Labs
Positive Platforms Design
Post-Gutenberg World
Potential Costs and Risks of Using Crowds
Power Purchase Agreement
Pragmatic Critique of the Peer Production License
Principles of Distributed Innovation
Pro-Am Revolution
Pro-Ams as a Force for Social and Commercial Innovation
Problems and Strategies in Financing Voluntary Free Software Projects
Procter and Gamble Connect and Develop
Produce Purchase Agreement
Producia
Producing Industrial Goods Through the Commons
Producism
Product-Centered Business Supply Chain Development vs People-Centered Business Network Ecosystem Development
Product-Service System
Productive Consumption
Prosumer
Prosumers
Prototyping Toolkits
Publics
Pull Economies
Purpose-Driven Business
Purpose-Driven Economy
PyBossa
Pyramiding
`Q
` Quality of Identity
Quartiers Collaboratifs
`R
` Rachel Botsman on Collaborative Consumption Business Models
Radical Social Entrepreneurs
Radically Distributed Supply Chain Systems
Reality Pull
Rebirth of Guilds
Recommerce
Reconfiguring Education for the User-Led Age
REconomy Project
Recycling
Reinventing Organizations
Relationship Economy eXpedition
Relationships and Pain of Disconnect as Business Strategies
RelayRides
Repair Cafe
Reputation Capital
Reputation Economy
Resilient Livelihood
Richard Semler on Participatory Management
Rise of the Micro-Multinational
Robert Kaye on the MusicBrainz Project
Robin Chase on Carsharing
Role and Challenges of Crowdsourcing and Citizen Science in the Context of the Data Revolution
Ron Burt on How Collaboration Networks Can Foster Innovation
Rose Goslinga on Farmer Micro-Insurance
Ross Dawson
`S
` Sandbox Network
Scale Up From One
Search for Social Entrepreneurship
Searching For The Shareable Economy
Seats2meet
Selective Crowdsourcing
Selective vs Integrative Crowdsourcing
Self-Service 1.0
Self-Service 2.0
Sensecamp
Serendipity Machine
Serial Monopoly
Service Disaggregation
Service Marketplaces
Seth Godin on the Emerging Connection Economy
Shanda
Share Economy at LeWeb 2011
Share Exchange
Share N Save
Share Tompkins
Shared Squared
Shared Transport
Shared Value
Sharelex
Sharing Directory
Sharing Economy
Sharing Economy Brand Success Metrics
Sharing Economy Platforms
Sharing Energy
Sharing Idle Assets
Sharing on Campus
Sharing Reward Points
Sharitories
Sim City
Simone Cicero Explains the Platform Design Toolkit
Simple Economics of Open Source
Skillsharing
Small is Profitable
Small, Local, Open and Connected As Way of the Future
Snowdrift
Social Banking
Social Basis for a Sharing Economy
Social Brainstorming
Social Business Return on Investment
Social Capital
Social Capital Market Manifesto 2.0
Social Cloud Computing
Social Commerce
Social Creativity
Social Customer Service
Social Economy
Social Economy - Europe
Social Economy Alliance
Social Economy of Coworking Spaces
Social Entrepreneurs
Social Entrepreneurship
Social Food
Social Food Cooperatives
Social Fundraising Platform
Social Innovation Incubators and Accelerators Map - USA
Social Manufacturing Platforms
Social Media and Mobile Strategies for the Travel Industry 2011
Social Media Content Curation
Social Networking Service
Social Networks in the History of Innovation and Invention
Social Payment Services
Social Spaces Project
Social Stock Exchange
Socially Responsible Trading Networks
Socially-Driven Value Creation
Society 3.0
Socioeco
Sociological Exploration of Crowdsourcing
Solar Cooperatives
Solidarity Economy Maps
Solidarity Networks Transforming Globalisation
Solopreneurs
Stack Overflow
Stacy Mitchell on Citizens Movements and Policies for Relocalization
State of Research on the Collaborative Economy
State of the Art in Crowdsourcing
Statist Collaborative Production
Stephanie Smith on the Group-Sharing Resource-Based Economy
Stickyness of Information
Story of Co-Design
Studio Share
Stéphane Riot
Successful Industrial Products from Customer Ideas
Sustainist Design
Sustainopreneurship
Synergystic Cooperation
Synthetic Overview of the Collaborative Economy
`T
` T-Corporations
Tara Hunt on Co-Working
Task Rabbit
Techolab
Tenerife Isla Colaborativa
Third Industrial Revolution
Thomas Sutton on Open Design and Innovation via FrogMob
Threadless
Threadless - Business Model
Thrivability
Thrivability as a Critique of Sustainability
Tiberius Brastaviceanu and Steve Bosserman on Open Value Networks
Tiberius Brastaviceanu on the Scalable Peer Economics of the Sensorica Open Value Accounting Network
Tim Schikora on Open Innovation Tools
Timebanking Software Platforms
Timeline of the Evolution of the Sharing Economy
TinyLightBulbs
T
` Tom Atlee on the New Sharing Economy
Tool Libraries
TopCoder
Total Development Cost of Linux Foundation’s Collaborative Projects
Total Growth of Open Source
Towards a Characterization of Crowdsourcing Practices
Towards a Taxonomy of Crowdsourcing Processes
Tracking and Alerting Services
Trading Spaces
Transaction-Oriented P2P Communities
Transdisciplinary Overview of Coworking
Transumers
TribeSourcing
Trust Aggregators
Trust Cloud
TrustCloud
Trustcloud
Turkopticon
Typology of Areas of Value in Co-Creation
Typology of Collaborative Workspaces
Typology of Sharing Practices
`U
` Umair Haque on Purposeful Economics
Uniiverse
Unlike Minds
Unlimited Design Competition
Unlocking Value and Productivity Through Social Technologies
Unpaid Innovators
Unstash
Urban Ventures Accelerator
Use Communities
User Innovation
User Innovation Communities
User Innovation in Agriculture
User Innovation Indicators
User Innovation Theory
User-Capitalized Networks
User-Centered Innovation
User-Created Advertizing
User-Driven
User-Driven Advertizing
User-Driven Innovation at Nokia
User-Driven Value Creation
User-Filtered Content
User-Generated Content
User-Generated Content - Business Models
User-Generated Craft
User-Generated Ecology
User-Generated Ecosystem
User-Generated Infrastructures
User-Generated Innovation
User-Generated Street Maps
User-Generated Urbanism
User-Generated Worlds
User-Initiated Crowdsourcing
User-Led Education
Utilitarian Customer versus the Tribal Customer
`V
` Value Network Accounting
Valve
Vendor Relationship Management
Venezuela’s Worker Control Movement
Venture Capital Investments in P2P Companies
Verizon Customer Service Volunteers
Vienna Solidarity Economy Congress 2013
Virtual Currencies
Vue d’ensemble de l’économie collaborative avec Michel Bauwens
`W
` Wealthiness
What is Co-Creation
What Makes Asset Sharing Platforms Thrive
When the User Makes the Difference
Why Capitalism Can't Build Community Web Services
Why We Need a New Kind of Open Cooperativism for the P2P Age
Wienett
Wingham Rowan on Online Markets for Microworking and Microvolunteering
Work On The Way
Worker-Centric Labor Market
Workspace Rental Marketplaces
`Y
` Y Combinator
Yochai Benkler on the Participation Revolution
Your Business in the We Economy
YProductions on Companies of the Commons
`Z
` Zopa
Zweifel - User-Initiated Crowdsourcing
Pages in Other Languages
Russian: совместная экономика
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