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L1 Mechanics Concepts

Page history last edited by Dmitry Sokolov 8 years, 5 months ago

AS 90940 Mechanics Glossary

Mechanics Survival Sheet

 

L1 Physics Concepts


L1 Mechanics Learning Outcomes

Acceleration

change in speed over time, whether speeding up or slowing down

Air Resistance

friction acting on an object moving through air

Average Speed

the total distance traveled divided by the time required to travel that distance

Balanced Forces

when two forces combine to cancel each other out

Conservation

(energy) cannot be created or destroyed

Constant Speed

speed is not increasing or decreasing but remain consistent over time

Constant unchanging

Contact Area

amount of area shared by two objects e.g. ice skates have sharp edges, and thus a small area in contact with the ice

Deceleration

decrease in the speed over time of an object

Distance

how far an object has traveled (usually horizontal)

Drag

or an object moving through air, friction is called "air resistance" or "drag

EK

kinetic energy; the kind of energy possessed by moving objects

EP

gravitational potential energy; energy possessed by objects that have been lifted up

Energy Gained Energy accumulated at Energy Transfer, e.g. transfer of Kinetic Energy to Potential Energy at ROPE CLIMBING
Energy Loss Energy scattered on friction or Air Resistance at Energy Transfer
Energy Transfer Transformation between different kinds of energy
Force

a push or pull that can change an object’s movement

Free Fall

falling motion caused by gravity alone

Friction

friction is an opposing force; it acts in the opposite direction to a force which is applied to an object

g

acceleration caused by the earth’s mass (approx. 10 ms-2)

Gradient

slope of a graph (rise/run)

Gravity

the force of attraction between any two objects; the Earth is very big and so has a large gravity pulling everything down towards it

Height

distance (vertical)

Instantaneous

at an instant of time

Instantaneous Speed

speed at a particular instant in time

Mass

amount of matter in an object or substance

Mechanical Energy

kinetic or potential (or heat) energy

Net Force

the single force that represents all the forces acting on a body; overall force

Power

the rate that energy is changed from one type to another;

power is the energy changed divided by the time it takes for the energy to change

Pressure

a measure of the force exerted on a certain area of surface; force per unit area

Reaction

An equal and opposite force exerted by a body against a force acting upon it

Relationship

information that can be used to link two things together e.g. force and acceleration

Resultant Force

a stationary object remains stationary if the sum of the forces acting upon it - resultant force - is zero. A moving object with a zero resultant force keeps moving at the same speed and in the same direction. If the resultant force acting on an object is not zero, a stationary object begins to accelerate in the same direction as the resultant force.

Speed

how fast an object is traveling; units are distance time-1, e.g. ms-1

Speed-time graphs
 
Graph showing change of speed with time
Stationary

stopped, not moving or “at rest”

Thrust

to push or drive with force

Unbalanced Forces

forces that are NOT balanced; situation leading to acceleration or deceleration of an object         

Velocity

speed (Note: velocity is really the measurement of the rate and direction of motion but at Level 1 Science we treat speed and velocity as the same thing)

Weight (Force)

the force on an object caused by gravity

Work

energy required to make an object move

Work Done Whenever 'work' is done energy is transferred from one place to another.

Resources:

http://www.nobraintoosmall.co.nz/students/science/NCEA_Level1/pdfs/SCIENCE_AS_90940_GLOSSARY.pdf#zoom=100

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