Acceleration
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change in speed over time, whether speeding up or slowing down
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Air Resistance
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friction acting on an object moving through air
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Average Speed
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the total distance traveled divided by the time required to travel that distance
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Balanced Forces
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when two forces combine to cancel each other out
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Conservation |
(energy) cannot be created or destroyed
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Constant Speed
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speed is not increasing or decreasing but remain consistent over time
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Constant |
unchanging |
Contact Area
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amount of area shared by two objects e.g. ice skates have sharp edges, and thus a small area in contact with the ice
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Deceleration |
decrease in the speed over time of an object
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Distance |
how far an object has traveled (usually horizontal)
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Drag
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or an object moving through air, friction is called "air resistance" or "drag
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EK
|
kinetic energy; the kind of energy possessed by moving objects
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EP
|
gravitational potential energy; energy possessed by objects that have been lifted up
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Energy Gained |
Energy accumulated at Energy Transfer, e.g. transfer of Kinetic Energy to Potential Energy at ROPE CLIMBING |
Energy Loss |
Energy scattered on friction or Air Resistance at Energy Transfer |
Energy Transfer |
Transformation between different kinds of energy |
Force |
a push or pull that can change an object’s movement
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Free Fall
|
falling motion caused by gravity alone
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Friction |
friction is an opposing force; it acts in the opposite direction to a force which is applied to an object
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g |
acceleration caused by the earth’s mass (approx. 10 ms-2)
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Gradient |
slope of a graph (rise/run)
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Gravity |
the force of attraction between any two objects; the Earth is very big and so has a large gravity pulling everything down towards it
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Height |
distance (vertical)
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Instantaneous
|
at an instant of time
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Instantaneous Speed |
speed at a particular instant in time
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Mass |
amount of matter in an object or substance
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Mechanical Energy
|
kinetic or potential (or heat) energy
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Net Force
|
the single force that represents all the forces acting on a body; overall force
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Power |
the rate that energy is changed from one type to another;
power is the energy changed divided by the time it takes for the energy to change
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Pressure |
a measure of the force exerted on a certain area of surface; force per unit area
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Reaction |
An equal and opposite force exerted by a body against a force acting upon it
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Relationship |
information that can be used to link two things together e.g. force and acceleration
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Resultant Force
|
a stationary object remains stationary if the sum of the forces acting upon it - resultant force - is zero. A moving object with a zero resultant force keeps moving at the same speed and in the same direction. If the resultant force acting on an object is not zero, a stationary object begins to accelerate in the same direction as the resultant force.
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Speed |
how fast an object is traveling; units are distance time-1, e.g. ms-1
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Speed-time graphs |
Graph showing change of speed with time |
Stationary |
stopped, not moving or “at rest”
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Thrust |
to push or drive with force
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Unbalanced Forces
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forces that are NOT balanced; situation leading to acceleration or deceleration of an object
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Velocity |
speed (Note: velocity is really the measurement of the rate and direction of motion but at Level 1 Science we treat speed and velocity as the same thing)
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Weight (Force)
|
the force on an object caused by gravity
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Work |
energy required to make an object move
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Work Done |
Whenever 'work' is done energy is transferred from one place to another. |
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