This article is about the general scientific term. For the scientific journal, see
Genetics (journal).
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.[1][2] It is generally considered a field of biology, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems.
The discoverer of genetics is Gregor Mendel, a late 19th-century scientist and Augustinian friar. Mendel studied "trait inheritance", patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring. He observed that organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discrete "units of inheritance". This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene.
Trait inheritance and molecular inheritance mechanisms of genes are still primary principles of genetics in the 21st century, but modern genetics has expanded beyond inheritance to studying the function and behavior of genes. Gene structure and function, variation, and distribution are studied within the context of the cell, the organism (e.g. dominance), and within the context of a population. Genetics has given rise to a number of subfields, including epigenetics and population genetics. Organisms studied within the broad field span the domains of life (archaea, bacteria, and eukarya).
Genetic processes work in combination with an organism's environment and experiences to influence development and behavior, often referred to as nature versus nurture. The intracellular or extracellular environment of a cell or organism may switch gene transcription on or off. A classic example is two seeds of genetically identical corn, one placed in a temperate climate and one in an arid climate. While the average height of the two corn stalks may be genetically determined to be equal, the one in the arid climate only grows to half the height of the one in the temperate climate due to lack of water and nutrients in its environment.
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See also
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Genetics
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Genetics is the study of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms, as well as the medical practice of diagnosing, treating, and counseling patients with genetic disorders. Humans began applying knowledge of genetics in prehistory with the domestication and breeding of plants and animals. In modern research, genetics provides important tools in the investigation of the function of a particular gene, e.g. analysis of genetic interactions. Within organisms, genetic information generally is carried in chromosomes, where it is represented in the chemical structure of particular DNA molecules.
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Genetics Concepts
`Genetics by country (2 C, 8 P)
` Genetics by type of organism (4 C)
`A
`Algae biomass producers (9 P)
` Applied genetics (3 C, 58 P)
``B
`Behavioural genetics (3 C, 32 P)
` Biobanks (3 C, 11 P)
``C
`Cancer epigenetics (7 P)
Chromosomes (4 C, 66 P)
Congenital disorders (17 C, 206 P)
` Cytogenetics (45 P)
``D
` DNA (13 C, 275 P, 1 F)
``E
`Genetics education (1 C, 6 P)
Genetic engineering (10 C, 94 P)
Epigenetics (5 C, 106 P)
` Genetics experiments (20 P)
``G
`Gene banks (20 P)
Genes (7 C, 203 P)
Genes associated with cancer (2 C, 6 P)
Genetic anomalies (2 P)
Geneticists (10 C, 31 P)
Genetics books (17 P)
Genetics journals (2 C, 47 P)
Genetics of autism (4 P)
Genome templates (14 P)
`H
`Hereditarianism (1 C, 4 P)
History of genetics (3 C, 5 P)
` Hybridisation (biology) (4 C, 13 P)
`L
`Genetics literature (2 C, 5 P)
` Genetic linkage analysis (2 P)
`M
`Medical genetics (6 C, 64 P)
Mitochondrial genetics (3 C, 14 P)
Mobile genetic elements (2 C, 45 P)
Molecular genetics (8 C, 222 P)
` Mutation (7 C, 90 P)
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`Non-coding DNA (5 P)
Nucleobases (24 P)
``O
` Genetics organizations (4 C, 30 P)
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`Phylogenetics (7 C, 131 P)
Polymorphism (biology) (12 P)
Genetic polymorphisms (1 C, 2 P)
Population genetics (7 C, 145 P)
` Genetic programming (14 P)
`R
`Ribosomopathy (6 P)
` RNA (16 C, 261 P)
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`Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (13 C, 10 P)
` Statistical genetics (2 C, 32 P)
`Μ
` Images of genetic subjects (14 F)
`Σ
`Genetics stubs (3 C, 610 P)
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` Genetics
Introduction to genetics
Outline of genetics
`*
` History of genetics
Index of genetics articles
`A
` AB(O)H antigens secretion
Ac/Ds transposable controlling elements
ACLAME
Active chromatin sequence
Additive genetic effects
Adductomics
Aicardi–Goutières syndrome
Allele frequency net database
Allelic exclusion
Allelotype
Allotype (immunology)
Ambidirectional dominance
Amelogenin
AMELX
AMELY
Aminoacylase 1 deficiency
Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis
Analysis of molecular variance
Aniridia
Antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis
Anticancer gene
Arginine catabolic mobile element
Arthur Balfour Professor of Genetics
Association mapping
Atavism
`B
` Backcrossing
BAG3
Balancer chromosome
Barr body
Base pair
Bead theory
Beanbag genetics
Behavioral epigenetics
BEND2 (protein)
Benzoxazinone biosynthesis
Bioecological model
BioModels
Blending inheritance
Blood type
BLOSUM
Bookmarking
Boveri–Sutton chromosome theory
Britten–Davidson model
Bulked segregant analysis
Bx1 benzoxazin1
`C
` C-value
C10orf71
C18orf63
CAF-1
Canalisation (genetics)
Candidate gene
CaSNP
Diallel cross
CDX4 (gene)
Cell–cell fusogens
Centimorgan
Chaperone code
Chemical genetics
Chi site
Chiasma (genetics)
Chimera (EST)
Chimera (genetics)
Chimeric gene
Chromosome 2q deletion
Chromosome engineering
Chromosome instability
Chromosome microdissection
Circulating free DNA
Cisgenesis
Cistron
Clastogen
Coding region
Coefficient of coincidence
Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion
Common disease-common variant
Common misunderstandings of genetics
Community genetics
Comparative regulatory genomics database
Comparison of DNA sequencing services
Complex segregation analysis
Complex traits
Compositional domain
Compound heterozygosity
Computational and Statistical Genetics
Concordance (genetics)
Congenic
Consensus CDS Project
Constitutive ablation
Copy number analysis
Copy-number variation
Cotransformation
Countergradient variation
Cre recombinase
Crossbreed
CRT (genetics)
Cytodeme
Cytogenetics
Cytotaxonomy
`D
` Daisy chaining DNA
De-extinction
Decipherment
Deletion (genetics)
Deme (biology)
Dermatoglyphics
Designer crossbreed
Developmental homeostasis
Direct repeat
Distal promoter
Diversity arrays technology
Diversity panel
DNA
DNA annotation
DNA phenotyping
DNA spiking
DNA-directed RNA interference
DNase I hypersensitive site
Domestication islands
Dosage compensation
Double-pair mating
Doubled haploidy
Drifty gene hypothesis
Drosophila hybrid sterility
Dynamical genetics
`E
` Ecogenetics
Ecophenotypic variation
Ectoderm specification
Education in personalized medicine
Elective genetic and genomic testing
Emergenesis
Emopamil binding protein
Endophenotype
Endoreduplication
Enhanceosome
Enhancer RNA
Enhancer trap
Epigenetics of physical exercise
Essential gene
Eukaryotic chromosome fine structure
Evo-devo gene toolkit
Exome
Exon skipping
Exonic splicing enhancer
Exonic splicing silencer
Expanded genetic code
Expression cassette
Expression quantitative trait loci
Extrachromosomal array
Extranuclear inheritance
`F
` Falconer's formula
Family aggregation
Family resemblance (anthropology)
Fim switch
Fisher's geometric model
Fixed allele
Forward genetics
Fosmid
Functional divergence
Functional element SNPs database
Fusion gene
Fusion transcript
`G
` GADV-protein world hypothesis
GAL4/UAS system
Gametic phase
GC skew
GC-content
GENCODE
Gene cassette
Gene desert
Gene dosage
Gene knock-in
Gene knockout
Gene map
Gene mapping
Gene mutation analysis
Gene nomenclature
Gene orders
Gene polymorphism
Gene redundancy
Gene signature
Gene theft
Gene therapy for osteoarthritis
Gene transfer agent
Gene trapping
Gene-environment correlation
Gene–environment interaction
Genetic admixture
Genetic analysis
Genetic architecture
Genetic carrier
Genetic code
Genetic correlation
Genetic demixing
Genetic divergence
Genetic epidemiology
G
` Genetic exceptionalism
Genetic gain
Genetic hitchhiking
Genetic imbalance
Genetic marker
Genetic matchmaking
Genetic memory (biology)
Genetic policy in the United States
Genetic predisposition
Genetic program
Genetic redundancy
Genetic stock center
Genetic structure
Genetic variance
Genetic viability
Geneticism
Geneticist
Glossary of genetics
Genetics nursing
Genetics of infertility
Genetics of posttraumatic stress disorder
Genevestigator
GenGIS
Genocopy
Genome
Genome evolution
Genome instability
Genome Project-Write
Genome-wide association study
Genomic convergence
Genomic library
Genomics data sharing
Genopolitics
Genosome
Genotropism
Genotype
Genotype-first approach
Genotype–phenotype distinction
Genotyping
Genotyping by sequencing
Germline mosaicism
Glossary of gene expression terms
GNC hypothesis
Gruber Prize in Genetics
GWASdb
Gypsy (database)
`H
` Haploidisation
Haploinsufficiency
Haplotype estimation
Haploid-relative-risk
Haploview
Hard inheritance
Hayflick limit
Helicos single molecule fluorescent sequencing
Heredity
Heritability
Heterogamy
Heterosis
High Resolution Melt
Histone
Histone-modifying enzymes
Homeosis
Homeotic gene
Homeotic selector gene
Homogeneously staining region
HomoloGene
Homologous recombination
Horizontal gene transfer
Horizontal gene transfer in evolution
Housekeeping gene
Human Genome Project
Human germline engineering
HUMARA assay
Hybrid speciation
Hybrizyme
Hypersensitive site
Hypervariable
Hypervariable region
`I
` I-motif DNA
Identity by descent
Imaging genetics
Imitation SWI
Immediate early gene
Immunogenetics
Inbred strain
Inclusive composite interval mapping
Indel
Insertion (genetics)
Insertion sequence
Insertional mutagenesis
Integron
Interlocus contest evolution
Isochore (genetics)
`K
` Ka/Ks ratio
`L
` Lake Toba genetic bottleneck
Lineage (genetic)
Linkage based QTL mapping
List of genetic codes
List of intestinal stem cell marker genes
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification
Low copy repeats
`M
` Marker-assisted selection
Marker gene
MASS syndrome
Maternal effect
Mating of yeast
Maudsley Bipolar Twin Study
MECOM
MEGAN
Megan and Morag
Meiotic drive
Mendelian error
Mendelian inheritance
Mendelian randomization
Messenger RNA
MICdb
Microbial genetics
Microsatellite
Midparent
Midphalangeal hair
Minichromosome
Minicircle
Minimal genome
Minnesota Twin Family Study
Missing heritability problem
KMT2A
Mobile genetic elements
Mobilome
Modifications (genetics)
Molecular cloning
Molecular cytogenetics
Molecular Interaction Maps
Morbid map
Mosaic (genetics)
Haplogroup Z
MtDNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia
Muller's morphs
Multiple cloning site
Mutant protein
Mutation
`N
` Nagoya Protocol
Necrofauna
Negative selection (natural selection)
Neighbor-net
Neofunctionalization
Nested association mapping
Neurocriminology
Neuroepigenetics
Neurogenetics
Neurogenomics
Neuronal lineage marker
Neutral network (evolution)
NgAgo
Nic site
Niche adaptation
Nick translation
Nik operon
NlaIII
Non-allelic homologous recombination
Non-coding DNA
Non-helical models of DNA structure
Non-histone protein
Non-Mendelian inheritance
Nondisjunction
Noninvasive genotyping
Normalized chromosome value
Nuclear gene
Nuclear sexing
Nuclear transfer
Nuclease protection assay
Nucleic acid
Nucleic acid sequence
Nucleosome positioning region database
Nucleotide
Nucleotide salvage
Nullomers
Nutrigenetics
Nutrigenomics
`O
` Obligate carrier
Ohno's law
Oogenesis
Orphon
Outbreeding depression
Outcrossing
Overdominance
Överkalix study
`P
` Paramutation
Parasitic chromosome
Partial dominance hypothesis
Particulate inheritance
Pathogenicity island
Patome
PBluescript
Penetrance
Peritrich nuclear code
Phene
Phenocopy
Phenotypic integration
Phenotypic plasticity
Phred base calling
P
` Phred quality score
Phylogenomics
Phylostratum
Plant genetic resources
Plant–fungus horizontal gene transfer
Plasticity product
Pleiotropy
PLINK (genetic tool-set)
Point accepted mutation
Polar mutation
Polar overdominance
Polly and Molly
Polony sequencing
Polygene
Polymerase stuttering
Polynucleotide
Polyploid complex
Population genetics
Position effect
Position-effect variegation
Positional Sequencing
Primosome
Principles of genetics
Prion
Pronucleus
Proofreading (biology)
Prophase
Protospacer adjacent motif
Pseudoalleles
Pseudoknot
Pseudolinkage
Public Population Project in Genomics
`Q
` Q-system (genetics)
Quantitative genetics
Quantitative trait locus
`R
` R2d2 (mouse gene)
Radiation reduced hybrid
Random chimeragenesis on transient templates
Reading frame
Reassortment
RecF pathway
Reciprocal silencing
RecLOH
Recode (database)
Recognition sequence
Recombinase-mediated cassette exchange
Red-suffusion rosy-faced lovebird mutation
RegTransBase
Replication protein A
Replication timing quantitative trait loci
Reporter gene
Reproductive isolation
Restriction map
Reverse transcriptase
Reverse Transcription Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification
Ribotyping
RNA triphosphatase
RNA-directed DNA methylation
Robustness (evolution)
Rule of six (viruses)
`S
` S4 protein domain
Satellite chromosome
Savior sibling
Scaffold/matrix attachment region
SCCmec
Scleraxis
Scripps Genomic Health Initiative
Second-degree relative
Selective sweep
Sense (molecular biology)
Sequence space (evolution)
SequenceVariantAnalyzer
Sex linkage
Sex-linked barring
Sherman paradox
Signature-tagged mutagenesis
Simple sequence length polymorphism
Single molecule fluorescent sequencing
Single-base extension
SIR proteins
Site-specific recombination
Snagger
SNP genotyping
SNPlex
Snpstr
Somatic cell
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
Somatic recombination
SOS chromotest
SoxC group
Spacer DNA
SplitsTree
Staggered extension process
State switching
Sterility (physiology)
Structural Biochemistry/ Kiss Gene Expression
Structural variation
Subclade
Subcloning
SUI1 protein domain
Suicide gene
Swamping argument
SWAP protein domain
Synaptic tagging
Syntelic
Syntelog
Synthesis-dependent strand annealing
Synthetic genetic array
Synthetic genomics
Synthetic lethality
Synthetic rescue
Systems Biology Ontology
`T
` TA cloning
Tafazzin
Tag SNP
Tandem chimerism
Tandem repeat locus
Tandemly arrayed genes
TcoF-DB
Terminal crossbreeding
Thanatotranscriptome
Three-point cross
TOPO cloning
Topologically associating domain
Trans-acting
Transcription bubble
Transcription factor
Transcriptional amplification
Transcriptional bursting
Transfer DNA binary system
Transformation efficiency
Transgene
Transgressive segregation
Transheterozygote
Translational frameshift
Transmission (genetics)
Transmission disequilibrium test
Transpoviron
Transvection (genetics)
Tre recombinase
Triangle of U
Trinucleotide repeat expansion
Twin registry
TwinsUK
`U
` UBB+1
UgMicroSatdb
Ultra-conserved element
Underdominance
Unequal crossing over
Uniparental inheritance
Universal stress protein
UPF0488
Upstream activating sequence
`V
` Vasa gene
Virome
Virtual karyotype
`W
` W-test
Weismann barrier
WGAViewer
`X
` X hyperactivation
X-inactivation
X-linked recessive inheritance
X:A ratio
XDNA
Xeno nucleic acid
`Y
` Y linkage
Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group
`Τ
` Template:Chromosome
Template:Eukaryote gene structure
Template:Prokaryote gene structure
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