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Fluorescence Microscopy Applications
Page history
last edited
by Dmitry PNGHS 10 years, 3 months ago
Fluorescence Microscopy Applications
Please use this page to arrange data on FM and LM related chemicals.
Fluorescence Microscopy Principles is a good starting point for new in this technique.
Good source of information on staining: http://stainsfile.info/StainsFile/jindex.html
and
http://www.spectra.arizona.edu/ (supercedes http://www.mcb.arizona.edu/ipc/fret/ )
and
http://sylvester.org/research/shared-resources/laboratory-resources/analytical-imaging-core-facility/analytical-imaging-core-facility-links-forms/pubspectra-data (supercedes http://home.earthlink.net/~pubspectra/ ) (download the zip file cited in the fn Excel data file with over 2,000 spectra).
and
http://www.photochemcad.com/pages/chemcad/chem-home.html (Program with 150 fluorophore spectra and calculator).
and
http://www.biocompare.com/Default.aspx
http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/analytical-chromatography/analytical-reagents/microscopy/stains-and-dyes.html
Please refer to Spectra Viewers Web page for information on fluorescence spectra.
FM imaging procedure example.
Based initially on data provided by Olympus mirrorunits.pdf
Fluorescent protein intormation:
http://www.olympusfluoview.com/applications/fpcolorpalette.html
For more information on stains and for ordering visit:
Sigma or Invitrogen
More references on Leica fluorescence cubes can be found here:
http://www.leica-microsystems.com/lmsaccessories.nsf/showfluochromelist?openagent
http://www.fluorescence-microscopy.com/LMSAccessories.nsf/showFilterlist
Hazards information
Callose Staining
http://commonweb.unifr.ch/biol/pub/mauchgroup/staining.html
Aniline blue
Cellulose Staining
http://commonweb.unifr.ch/biol/pub/mauchgroup/staining.html
Calcofluor
Chitin Staining
http://commonweb.unifr.ch/biol/pub/mauchgroup/staining.html
Calcofluor
Dead cells staining
Ethidium Bromide
545nm 605nm Cell membrane impermeability
Ethidium homodimer-1
528nm 617nm Cell membrane impermeability
Propidium Iodide (PI)
530nm 615nm Cell membrane impermeability
Cell membrane impermeability
http://tools.invitrogen.com/content/sfs/appendix/Cell_Culture/Viable%20Cell%20Counts%20Using%20Trypan%20Blue.pdf
Living Cells Staining
Acridine Orange
490nm 590nm U-MWB2, U-MNB2, U-MSWB2 Acid organelle
BCECF/AM
500nm 530nm U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, U-MNIBA2 Esterase substrates
Calcein/AM
495nm 520nm U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, U-MNIBA2 Esterase substrates
Carboxyfluorescein-diacetate (CFDA)
495nm 520nm U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, U-MNIBA2 Esterase substrates
http://flowbook.denovosoftware.com/Flow_Book/Chapter_9:_Cell_Death,_Including_Apoptosis
Rapid and reliable technique for specifically staining intact chloroplast
http://www.jhc.org/cgi/content/full/52/5/701
CYTO9
http://pp.physik.uni-osnabrueck.de/SeminarSS07/vortrag_Meschke180607.pdf
Fluoresceindiacetate (FDA)
495nm 520nm U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, U-MNIBA2 Esterase substrates
http://flowbook.denovosoftware.com/Flow_Book/Chapter_9:_Cell_Death,_Including_Apoptosis
Pollen Tube Staining
http://commonweb.unifr.ch/biol/pub/mauchgroup/staining.html
Aniline blue
Mitochondrial Dyes
http://www.bioxys.com/i_Biotium/mitochondrial_dyes.htm
http://www.med.unipg.it/imagelab/mitoch.html
Fluorochrome |
Excitation maximum (nm) |
Emission maximum (nm) |
Applicable mirror unit |
Comments |
Available |
Papers, links, references |
Green Fluorescent Protein variants |
|
|
|
|
|
|
GFP (WT) |
395, 475 |
510 |
U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, MNIBA2, U-MGFPHQ |
|
|
|
GFP (S65T) |
488 |
510 |
U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, U-MNIBA2, U-MGFPHQ |
|
|
|
EGFP |
488 |
507 |
U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, U-MNIBA2, U-MGFPHQ |
|
|
|
EBFP |
380 |
440 |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2, U-MNUA2 |
|
|
|
EYFP |
513 |
527 |
U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2,U-MNIBA2, U-MYFPHQ |
|
|
|
ECFP |
433, 453 |
475, 501 |
U-MWBV2, U-MNBV2, U-MCFPHQ |
|
|
|
RFP (DsRed) |
558 |
583 |
U-MWIG2, U-MWIY2 |
|
|
|
Venus
|
515 |
528 |
|
|
|
http://www.olympusfluoview.com/applications/fpcolorpalette.html |
Carbohydrate modification, protein modification (labeling) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fluorochrome antibody labeling |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alexa Fluor 350 |
346 |
442 |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2, U-MNUA2 |
|
|
|
Alexa Fluor 430 |
431 |
541 |
U-MWBV2, U-MNBV2 |
|
|
|
Alexa Fluor 488 |
495 |
519 |
U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, U-MNIBA2 |
|
|
|
Alexa Fluor 532 |
531 |
554 |
U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, U-MNIBA2 |
|
|
|
Alexa Fluor 546 |
556 |
573 |
U-MWIG2 |
|
|
|
Alexa Fluor 568 |
578 |
603 |
U-MWG2, U-MNG2, U-MWIG2 |
|
|
|
Alexa Fluor 594 |
590 |
617 |
U-MWIY2 |
|
|
|
Allophycocyanin (APC) |
650 |
660 |
U-MWIY2 |
|
|
|
7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid (AMCA) |
350 |
450 |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2, U-MNUA2 |
|
|
|
BODIPY FL |
503 |
512 |
U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, U-MNIBA2 |
|
|
|
Cascade Blue |
376 |
425 |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2, U-MNUA2 |
|
|
|
Fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC) |
490 |
520 |
U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, U-MNIBA2 |
|
|
|
Oregon Green 488 |
496 |
520 |
U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, U-MNIBA2 |
|
|
|
Phycoerythrin B (PE-B) |
545 |
576 |
U-MWG2, U-MNG2, U-MWIG2 |
|
|
|
Phycoerythrin R (PE-R) |
490, 565 |
578 |
U-MWIG2, U-MNG2, U-MWIB2 |
|
|
|
Rhodamine B-isothiocyanate (RITC) |
570 |
595 |
U-MWG2, U-MNG2, U-MWIG2 |
|
|
|
Rhodamin-Phalloidin |
|
|
|
|
MMIC (-20C) |
|
Texas Red |
596 |
620 |
U-MWIY2 |
|
|
|
Tetramethylrhodamine-isothyocyanate (TRITC) |
541 |
572 |
U-MWIG2 |
|
|
|
LaserPro IR 790 |
785 |
800 |
*1 |
|
|
|
Protein modification |
|
|
|
|
|
|
8-Anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid Mg salt (ANS) |
385 |
485 |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2, U-MNV2 |
Hydrophobic domain |
|
|
Coumarin maleimide (CPM) |
385 |
465 |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2 |
Thiol group |
|
|
Cy2 |
489 |
506 |
U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, U-MNIBA2 |
Amino group, antibody labeling |
|
|
Cy3 |
552 |
565 |
U-MWIG2 |
Amino group, antibody labeling |
|
|
Cy 3.5 |
581 |
596 |
U-MWIY2 |
Amino group, antibody labeling |
|
|
Cy 5 |
650 |
667 |
U-MWIY2 |
Amino group, antibody labeling |
|
|
Cy 5.5 |
675 |
694 |
*1 |
Amino group, antibody labeling |
|
|
Cy 7 |
743 |
767 |
*1 |
Amino group, antibody labeling |
|
|
Dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonic acid (DANS) |
380 |
520 |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2 |
Thiol group |
|
|
Dansyl chloraide |
335 |
500 |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2 |
Amine labeling |
|
|
Dansyl hydrazine |
336 |
531 |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2 |
Carbonyl group |
|
|
Eosin-isothiocyanate |
524 |
548 |
U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, U-MNIBA2 |
Amine labeling |
|
|
Fluorescamine |
390 |
460 |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2, U-MNV2 |
Amine labeling |
|
|
FluorX |
494 |
520 |
U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, U-MNIBA2 |
Amino group, antibody labeling |
|
|
Lucifer Yellow |
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Lucifer Yellow CH |
435 |
530 |
U-MWBV2, U-MNBV2, U-MWB2 |
Aldehyde, Ketone |
|
|
Monochlorobimane |
380 |
461 |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2, U-MNUA2 |
Thiol group |
|
|
o-Phtalaldehyde (OPT) |
340 |
455 |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2, U-MNUA2 |
Amine labeling |
|
|
Resorufin |
570 |
585 |
U-MWG2, U-MNG2, U-MWIG2 |
Thiol group |
|
|
SITS |
350 |
420 |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2, U-MNUA2 |
Amine labeling |
|
|
Carbohydrate modification |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acriflavine SO2-PAS |
430 |
515 |
U-MWBV2, U-MNBV2 |
Sugar |
|
|
Nuclei, nucleic acid staining |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nuclei, nucleic acid |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acridine Orange |
490 |
530, 640 |
U-MWB2, U-MNB2 |
Single/double-stranded nucleic acid |
MMIC |
|
Acridine Yellow |
470 |
550 |
U-MWB2, U-MNB2 |
Nucleic acid |
|
|
Acriflavine-Feulgen |
430 |
515 |
U-MWBV2, U-MNBV2 |
DNA |
|
|
Auramine O-Feulgen |
460 |
550 |
U-MWB2, U-MNB2 |
DNA |
|
|
7-Amino Actinomycin D |
555 |
655 |
U-MWIY2, U-MWIG2 |
Probe for G-C rich regions |
|
|
bis-Aminophenyl-oxadizole (BAO) -Feulgen |
380 |
470 |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2, U-MNUA2 |
DNA |
|
|
BOBO 1 |
462 |
481 |
U-MWBV2, U-MNBV2, U-MWB2 |
DNA |
|
|
BO PRO 1 |
462 |
481 |
U-MWBV2, U-MNBV2, U-MWB2 |
|
|
|
Chromomycin A3 |
450 |
570 |
U-MWB2, U-MNB2, U-MWIB2 |
Probe for G-C rich regions |
|
|
4, 6-diamidino-2-phenyl-indole HCI (DAPI) |
372 |
456 |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2, U-MNUA2 |
Probe for A-T rich regions |
MMIC |
|
Ethidium Bromide |
545 |
605 |
U-MWG2, U-MNG2, U-MWIG2 |
DNA/RNA |
|
|
Hoechst 33258, pentahydrate (bis-benzimide) |
365 |
465 |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2, U-MNUA2 |
Probe for A-T rich regions; popular nuclear counterstain that emits blue fluorescence when bound to dsDNA |
|
Its uses are similar to Hoechst 33342 for counterstaining, apoptosis and cell cycle studies, but Hoechst 33258 is reportedly less cell-permeant |
Hoechst 33342 |
355 |
465 |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2, U-MNUA2 |
Probe for A-T rich regions |
|
|
Mithramycin |
395 |
570 |
U-MWBV2, U-MNBV2 |
Probe for G-C rich regions |
|
|
Olivomycin |
430 |
545 |
U-MWBV2, U-MNBV2 |
Probe for G-C rich regions |
|
|
Pararosaniline-Feulgen |
560 |
625 |
U-MWG2, U-MNG2, U-MWIG2 |
DNA |
|
|
POPO 1 |
434 |
456 |
U-MWBV2, U-MNBV2 |
|
|
|
Propidium Iodide (PI) |
530 |
615 |
U-MWG2, U-MNG2, U-MWIG2 |
DNA/RNA |
|
|
Pyronin Y |
540 |
570 |
U-MWIG2 |
DNA/RNA |
MMIC |
|
Quinacrine Mustard |
385 |
525 |
U-MWBV2, U-MNBV2 |
Probe for A-T rich regions, Q band |
|
|
Saponin
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Serva Blue
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Sudan III
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Sudan IV
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Sudan Blue
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
SYTOX Green nucleic acid stain |
504 |
523 |
U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, U-MNIBA2 |
|
|
|
Thiabendazole |
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Thiazole Orange |
509 |
533 |
*1 |
|
|
|
Thymidine
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Thymol Blue
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
TOTO 1 |
514 |
533 |
*1 |
DNA |
|
|
TOTO 3 |
642 |
661 |
*1 |
|
|
|
TO PRO 3 |
642 |
661 |
*1 |
|
|
|
Trypan Blue
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
YO PRO 1 |
491 |
509 |
U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, U-MNIBA2 |
|
|
|
YOYO 1 |
490 |
510 |
U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, U-MNIBA2 |
DNA |
|
|
Membranes, organelle, membrane potential |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Membranes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
8-Anilino-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS) |
385 |
485 |
U-MNV2 |
Marker for negatively loaded domain |
|
|
Dil |
550 |
565 |
U-MWG2, U-MNG2, U-MWIG2 |
Marker for positively loaded domain, tracer |
|
|
DiO |
484 |
501 |
U-MWB2, U-MNB2, U-MWIB2 |
Marker for positively loaded domain, tracer |
|
|
Diphenylhexatriene (DPH) |
351 |
430 |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2, U-MNUA2 |
Neutral |
|
|
Filipin |
350 |
— |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2, U-MNUA2 |
Cholesterol |
|
|
Fluorescamine |
390 |
460 |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2, U-MNV2 |
Membrane surface protein |
|
|
Merocyanine 540 |
500 |
572 |
U-MWG2, U-MNG2, U-MWIG2 |
Voltage sensitive dye |
|
|
Organelle |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acridine Orange |
490 |
590 |
U-MWB2, U-MNB2, U-MWIB2 |
Lysosome, nucleus |
|
|
BODIPY FL Ceramide |
503 |
512 |
U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, U-MNIBA2 |
Golgi apparatus |
|
|
DiO C6(3) |
480 |
501 |
U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, U-MNIBA2 |
Endoplasmic reticulum |
|
|
ERTracker Blue-White DPX |
374 |
575 |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2, U-MNV2 |
Endoplasmic reticulum |
|
|
ER tracker Red |
|
|
|
|
MMIC (-20C) |
|
JC-1 |
514 |
529 |
U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, U-MNIBA2 |
Mitochondria |
|
|
LysoTracker Red DND-99 |
577 |
590 |
U-MWIG2, U-MWIY2 |
Lysosome |
|
|
MitoFluor Green |
489 |
517 |
U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, U-MNIBA2 |
Mitochondria |
|
|
Mitotracker Green FM |
|
|
|
|
MMIC (-20C) |
|
MitoTracker Red CMXRos |
578 |
599 |
U-MWIG2, U-MWIY2 |
Mitochondria |
MMIC (-20C) |
|
Nile Red |
485-530 |
525-605 |
U-MWB2, U-MNB2, U-MWIB2 |
Lysosome |
MMIC |
|
Rhodamine 123 |
500 |
540 |
U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, U-MNIBA2 |
Mitochondria |
|
|
Pyronin Y |
540 |
570 |
U-MWIG2 |
Mitochondria |
|
|
Membrane potential |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Di-4-ANEPPS |
440/505 |
705 |
*1 |
Ratio metric |
|
|
Di-8-ANEPPS |
436/546 |
713 |
*1 |
Ratio metric |
|
|
FM 1-43 |
488 |
520 |
*1 |
Synaptic vesicle |
|
|
FM 1-43FX |
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
RH160 |
577 |
>610 |
*1 |
|
|
|
RH414 |
520 |
>610 |
*1 |
|
|
|
RH421 |
541 |
>590 |
*1 |
|
|
|
RH423 |
520-550 |
>610 |
*1 |
|
|
|
RH795 |
560 |
650 |
*1 |
|
|
|
WW781 |
633 |
>645 |
*1 |
|
|
|
Bacteria staining |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bacteria |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acridine Orange |
490 |
530, 640 |
U-MWB2, U-MNB2, U-MWIB2 |
Myobacterium tuberculosis |
|
|
Acridine Yellow |
470 |
550 |
U-MWB2, U-MNB2, U-MWIB2 |
Myobacterium tuberculosis, acid-fast bacteria |
|
|
Auramine O |
460 |
550 |
U-MWB2, U-MNB2, U-MWIB2 |
Myobacterium tuberculosis, acid-fast bacteria |
|
|
Berberine sulfate |
430 |
550 |
U-MWBV2, U-MNBV2 |
General bacteria |
|
|
Coriphosphine O |
460 |
575 |
U-MWB2, U-MNB2, U-MWIB2 |
Bacterial cell wall |
|
|
Hoechst 33258 |
365 |
465 |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2, U-MNUA2 |
Mycoplasma detection |
|
|
Bone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ion concentrations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Calcium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
bis-Fura-2 |
340/380 |
510 |
*1 |
2-wavelength excitation |
|
|
BTC |
400/480 |
540 |
*1 |
2-wavelength excitation |
|
|
Calcium Green |
505 |
532 |
*1 |
1-wavelength |
|
|
Fluo 3 |
485 |
503 |
*1 |
1-wavelength |
|
|
Fura-2 |
340/380 |
510 |
*1 |
2-wavelength excitation |
|
|
Indo-1 |
350 |
405/480 |
*1 |
2-wavelength emission |
|
|
Oregon Green 488 BAPTA-1 |
497 |
517 |
*1 |
1-wavelength |
|
|
Oregon Green 488 BAPTA-5N |
497 |
517 |
*1 |
1-wavelength |
|
|
pH |
|
|
|
|
|
|
BCECF |
430/480 |
530 |
*1 |
2-wavelength excitation |
|
|
Carboxy SNARF-1 |
530 |
580/630 |
*1 |
2-wavelength emission |
|
|
Nerve cell tracer, others |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nerve cell tracer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Evans Blue |
550 |
610 |
U-MWG2, U-MNG2, U-MWIG2 |
Retrograde labeling |
MMIC |
|
Fast Blue |
360 |
410 |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2, U-MNUA2 |
Retrograde labeling |
|
|
Fast Blue salt RR
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Granular Blue |
375 |
410 |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2, U-MNUA2 |
Retrograde labeling |
|
|
True Blue |
373 |
404 |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2, U-MNUA2 |
Retrograde labeling |
|
|
Others |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2-aminoacridone, hydrochloride |
|
|
|
glycosaminoglycan
|
|
|
Aceto-carmine
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Alcian Blue
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Aniline Blue, Aqueous |
|
|
U-MWU2, U-MNU2, U-MNUA2 |
Cellulose, gydrogen-ion indicator |
MMIC |
Gurr 1960 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alexa Fluor 488-Phalloidin |
495 |
519 |
U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, U-MNIBA2 |
Actin fibers |
|
|
Azure II
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Brilliant Cresyl Blue ALD
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Calcofluor |
|
|
|
Chitin |
MMIC |
|
Calcofluor White |
440 |
500-520 |
U-MWU2, U-MNU2, U-MNV2 |
Cellulose |
|
Water soluble |
cADP-ribose - Cyclic adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribose |
|
|
|
gangliosides |
|
|
CDCFDA |
|
|
|
|
MMIC (-20C) |
|
Coomassie Brilliant Blue
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Dimethyl Yellow
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
DiOC6(3) - 3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide |
|
|
|
mitochondria of live cells, glycogen |
MMIC |
"Nuclear assembly with lambda DNA in fractionated Xenopus egg extracts: an unexpected role for glycogen in formation of a higher order chromatin intermediate." Hartl P, Olson E, Dang T, Forbes DJ. J Cell Biol 124, 235-248 (1994) PN17445. |
Eosin |
|
|
|
Plan tissues |
|
Stable, Gurr 1960 |
Eosin Yellowish
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Euchrysine (Acridine Orange) |
|
|
U-MWU2, U-MNU2, U-MNUA2 |
Cellulose |
|
|
Fast Green |
|
|
|
Protein |
MMIC |
|
Fluorescein |
494 |
521 |
|
|
MMIC |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescein, Gurr 1960 |
Fluorescein + potassium dichromate |
494 |
|
|
Plan tissues |
|
|
5-Fluorodeoxyuridine
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Formic acid
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Fuchsin basic
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Gentian Violet
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Germanium Dioxide
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Giemsa Stain
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Glycerol
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Immersion Oil
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Iodine
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Janus Green
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Lactoglycerine
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Lithium Heparin
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Lucifer Yellow CH |
430 |
535 |
U-MWBV2, U-MNBV2 |
Tracer |
|
|
Methyl Red
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Methylene Blue
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Neutral Red
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
NanoOrange |
485 |
590 |
U-MWIG2, U-MWG2, U-MWIB2 |
Protein quantification |
|
|
NBD-Phallacidin |
465 |
530 |
U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, U-MNIBA2 |
Actin fibers |
|
|
Nigrosin
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Nile Blue |
488 |
566 |
|
Fats |
MMIC |
|
Orcein |
|
|
|
Elastin |
MMIC |
Gurr 1960, Gray 1954 |
Orcein |
|
|
|
Basic dye |
MMIC |
Gurr 1960, Fullmer 1956 |
Orcein |
|
|
|
Cytology |
MMIC |
Gurr 1960, 1% orcein in 45% propionic acid at squash technique for Carnoy-fixed material [Cotten 1959] |
Phloroglucinol
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Primuline O |
410 |
550 |
U-MWIG2, U-MWG2, U-MWIB2 |
Cellulose |
|
|
Rhodamine-Phalloidin |
550 |
580 |
U-MWG2, U-MNG2, U-MSWG2 |
Actin fibers |
|
|
Ruthenium Red
|
|
|
|
Pectin |
MMIC |
Sabba & Lulai, 2002 |
Sheridan |
|
|
|
Elastin |
|
Gurr 1960 |
Spectrum Aqua |
433 |
480 |
U-MWBV2, U-MNBV2 |
FISH probe labeling |
|
|
Spectrum Gold |
|
|
*1 |
FISH probe labeling |
|
|
Spectrum Green |
497 |
524 |
U-MWIB2, U-MWIBA2, U-MNIBA2 |
FISH probe labeling |
|
|
Spectrum Orange |
559 |
588 |
U-MWG2, U-MNG2, U-MWIG2 |
FISH probe labeling |
|
|
sulforhodamine 101 |
586 |
605 |
U-MWIY2 |
Tracer |
|
|
Thioflavin T |
430 |
550 |
U-MWBV2, U-MNBV2 |
Amyloid |
|
|
Uridine
|
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Weigert |
|
|
|
Elastin |
|
Gurr 1960 |
WGA |
488 |
570 |
|
Polysaccharides |
|
|
Aniline Blue (Aqueous) Combinations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aniline Blue (Aqueous) in recipes:
Bensley's simple and triple contrast stains, Lendrum and McFarlane's quintuple contrast, Lillie's quadruple contrast, Milligan's triple stain, Paquin and Goddard's sextuple stain
|
|
|
|
Algae, astrocytes, bacterial smears, centrosomes, filamentous fungi, fungus in tissue scrapings, gastric cells, kidney, pituitary, vaginal smears, plasmodesma, radulae, etc. |
|
Gurr 1960, Gray 1954 |
Aniline Blue in Van Gieson, Masson-Van Giesson and Mason-Mallory-Van Gieson procedures |
|
|
|
Collagen fibers, best results |
|
Gurr 1960, Lillie 1945, best results compared to violamine R, maphthol blue black, fast green FCF, acid fuchsin, wool green S and methyl green |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aniline Blue - Niagara Blue 4B |
|
|
|
Animal tissues |
|
Better quality if Aniline Blue fails; Gurr 1960, Emig 1941 |
Aniline Blue - Safranin |
|
|
|
Plan tissues: cellulose walls and achromatic figure |
|
Gurr 1960, Johansen 1940 |
Aniline Blue - Eosin B (Rhodocyanin technique) |
|
|
|
Anterior pituitary |
|
Gurr 1960, Glenner 1957 |
Aniline Blue - Erythrosin or phloxine |
|
|
|
filamentous Chlorophyta |
|
Gurr 1960, Johansen 1940 |
Aniline Blue - Orange G - Gomori's chrome haematoxylin |
|
|
|
Cell differentiation in hypoiphysis and pancreatic islets |
|
Gurr 1960, Rona 1956 |
Congo Red - Aniline Blue - Orange G |
|
|
|
Elastic fibres, fibrin, etc. |
|
Gurr 1960, Gurr 1956 |
Haematoxylin - Ponceau S - Aniline Blue |
|
|
|
Connective tissue and muscle |
|
Gurr 1960, Gurr 1956 |
Masson's trichrome stain: haematoxylin - Ponceau Fuchsin - Aniline Blue |
|
|
|
Connective tissues |
|
Gurr 1960, Gurr 1956 |
Silver Carbonate - Orcein - Aniline Bolue - Fast Green FCF |
|
|
|
Reticulin, elastin and collagen in the same tissue sections |
|
Gurr 1960, Gurr 1956 |
Gomori's trichrome stain: haematoxylin - Fast Green - Neoponceau |
|
|
|
Animal tissues |
|
Gurr 1960, Gurr 1956 |
With Protargol, gallocyanin, fast gree FCF, orage G, etc. |
|
|
|
Nerve fibres, sheaths and cells (Foley) |
|
Gurr 1960, Gurr 1956 |
Improved Pasini stain with orcein, eosin and acid fuchsin |
|
|
|
Connective tissue |
|
Gurr 1960, Gurr 1956 |
Picroanilene blue |
|
|
|
Fungal Mycelium in wood sections |
|
Gurr 1960, Cartwright 1929 |
Picroanilene blue - Fast Green FCF - Orcein - Silver Ammonium Carbonate |
|
|
|
Combined connective tissue for elastin, reticulin and collagen |
|
Gurr 1960, Lewis 1951 |
Silver Ammonium Carbonate |
|
|
|
Reticulin, orcein for elastin |
|
Gurr 1960, Lewis 1951 |
Picroaniline Blue or Gast Green FCF |
|
|
|
Collagen and other tissues |
|
Gurr 1960, Lewis 1951 |
Antibodies for IF
Description |
Brand |
Ref # |
Comments |
Available |
Papers, links, references |
* @-GFP-AF488 (1ary-conjugated, rabbit) |
Molecular Probe |
A21311 |
|
MMIC |
|
* TRITC-conjugated (goat anti-mouse) |
Sigma |
T5393 |
|
MMIC |
|
* AF488 (donkey anti-mouse) |
Molecular Probe |
A21202 |
|
MMIC |
|
* AF488 (donkey anti-rabbit) |
Molecular Probe |
A21206 |
|
MMIC (-20C) |
|
* AF555 (donkey anti-mouse) |
Molecular Probe |
A31570 |
|
MMIC (-20C) |
|
* AF555 (goat anti-rabbit) |
Molecular Probe |
A21428 |
|
MMIC |
|
* AF 568 (donkey anti-sheep) |
Molecular Probe |
A21099 |
|
MMIC (-20C) |
|
AF 568-Phalloidin |
Molecular Probe |
A12380 |
|
MMIC (-20C) |
|
Description |
Brand |
Ref # |
Comments |
Available |
Papers, links, references
|
DPX Mountant
|
|
|
|
MMIC |
|
Fluorophore | Absorption maximum (nm) | Emission maximum (nm) |
---|
Acid fuchsin |
540 |
630 |
ACMA |
430 |
474 |
Acridine red |
455-600 |
560-680 |
Acridine orange |
500 (with DNA) |
526 (with DNA) |
|
460 (with RNA) |
650 (with RNA) |
Acridine yellow |
470 |
550 |
Acriflavin |
436 |
520 |
AFA (acriflavin Feulgen SITSA) |
355-425 |
460 |
Alizarin complexon |
530-560 |
580 |
Allophycocyanin |
650 |
660 |
AMCA-S, AMC |
345 |
445 |
Aminoactinomycin D |
555 |
655 |
7-Aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) |
546 |
647 |
Aminocoumarin |
350 |
445 |
Anthroyl stearate |
361-381 |
446 |
Astrazon brilliant red 4C |
500 |
585 |
Astrazon orange R |
470 |
540 |
Astrazon red 6B |
520 |
595 |
Astrazon yellow 7 CLL |
450 |
480 |
Atabrine |
436 |
490 |
Auramine |
460 |
550 |
Aurophosphine |
450-490 |
515 |
Aurophosphine G |
450 |
580 |
BAO 9 (bisaminophenyloxadiazole) |
365 |
395 |
BCECF |
482 (low pH) |
520 (low pH) |
|
503 (high pH) |
528 (high pH) |
Berberine sulfate |
430 |
550 |
Bisbenzamide |
360 |
600-610 |
Blancophor FFG solution |
390 |
470 |
Blancophor SV |
370 |
435 |
BOBO 1, BO-PRO 1 |
462 |
481 |
BODIPY FL |
505 |
513 |
BODIPY TMR |
542 |
574 |
BODIPY TR |
589 |
617 |
Brilliant sulfoflavin FF |
430 |
520 |
Calcein |
494 |
517 |
Calcein blue |
370 |
435 |
Calcium crimson |
590 |
615 |
Calcium green |
506 |
533 |
Calcium orange |
549 |
576 |
Calcofluor RW solution |
370 |
440 |
Calcofluor white |
440 |
500-520 |
Calcophor white ABT solution |
380 |
475 |
Calcophor white standard solution |
365 |
435 |
5-(and 6-)Carboxy SNARF-1 indicator |
548 (low pH) |
587 (low pH) |
|
576 (high pH) |
635 (high pH) |
6-Carboxyrhodamine 6G |
525 |
555 |
Cascade blue |
400 |
420 |
Catecholamine |
410 |
470 |
CL-NERF |
504 (low pH) |
587 (low pH) |
|
514 (high pH) |
540 (high pH) |
Coriphosphine O |
460 |
575 |
Coumarin-phalloidin |
387 |
470 |
Cy3.18 |
554 |
568 |
Cy5.18 |
649 |
666 |
Cy7 |
710 |
805 |
DANS (1-dimethylamino-naphaline-5-sulfonic acid) |
340 |
525 |
Dansyl NH-CH3 in water |
340 |
578 |
DAPI |
358 |
461 |
DiA |
456 |
590 |
Diamino phenyl oxydiazole (DAO) |
280 |
460 |
Di-8-ANEPPS |
488 |
605 |
DiD [DiIC18(5)] |
644 |
665 |
Dimethylamino-5-sulfonic acid |
310-370 |
520 |
DiI [DiIC18(3)] |
549 |
565 |
DiO [DiOC18(3)] |
484 |
501 |
Diphenyl brilliant flavine 7GFF |
430 |
520 |
DM-NERF |
497 (low pH) |
527 (low pH) |
|
510 (high pH) |
536 (high pH) |
Dopamine |
340 |
490-520 |
ELF-97 alcohol |
345 |
530 |
Eosin |
524 |
544 |
Erythrosin ITC |
530 |
558 |
Ethidium bromide |
518 |
605 |
Euchrysin |
430 |
540 |
FIF (formaldehyde-induced fluorescence) |
405 |
433 |
Flazo orange |
375-530 |
612 |
Fluorescein |
494 |
518 |
Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) |
490 |
523 |
Fluo-3 |
506 |
526 |
FM1-43 |
479 |
598 |
Fura-2 |
363 (low [Ca2+]) |
512 (low [Ca2+]) |
|
335 (high [Ca2+]) |
505 (high [Ca2+]) |
Fura Red |
472 (low [Ca2+]) |
657 (low [Ca2+]) |
|
436 (high [Ca2+]) |
637 (high [Ca2+]) |
Genacryl brilliant red B |
520 |
590 |
Genacryl brilliant yellow 10GF |
430 |
485 |
Genacryl pink 3G |
470 |
583 |
Genacryl yellow 5GF |
430 |
475 |
Gloxalic acid |
405 |
460 |
Granular blue |
355 |
425 |
Hematoporphyrin |
530-560 |
580 |
Hoechst 33258, Hoechst 33342 |
352 |
461 |
3-Hydroxypyrene 5,8,10-trisulfonic acid |
403 |
513 |
7-Hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin |
360 |
455 |
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) |
400 |
530 |
Intrawhite Cf liquid |
360 |
430 |
Indo-1 |
346 (low [Ca2+]) |
475 (low [Ca2+]) |
|
330 (high [Ca2+]) |
401 (high [Ca2+]) |
Leucophor PAF |
370 |
430 |
Leucophor SF |
380 |
465 |
Leucophor WS |
395 |
465 |
Lissamine rhodamine B |
570 |
590 |
Lucifer yellow CH |
428 |
536 |
Lucifer yellow VS |
430 |
535 |
LysoSensor blue DND-192, DND-167 |
374 |
425 |
LysoSensor green DND-153, DND-189 |
442 |
505 |
LysoSensor yellow/blue |
384 (low pH) |
540 (low pH) |
|
329 (high pH) |
440 (high pH) |
LysoTracker green |
504 |
511 |
LysoTracker yellow |
534 |
551 |
LysoTracker red |
577 |
592 |
Magdala red |
524 |
600 |
Magnesium green |
506 |
531 |
Magnesium orange |
550 |
575 |
Maxilon brilliant flavin 10 GFF |
450 |
495 |
Maxilon brilliant flavin 8 GFF |
460 |
495 |
MitoTracker green FM |
490 |
516 |
MitoTracker orange CMTMRos |
551 |
576 |
Mithramycin |
450 |
570 |
MPS (methyl green pyronine stilbene) |
364 |
395 |
NBD |
465 |
535 |
NBD amine |
450 |
530 |
Nitrobenzoxadidole |
460-470 |
510-650 |
Noradrenaline |
340 |
490-520 |
Nuclear fast red |
289-530 |
580 |
Nuclear yellow |
365 |
495 |
Nylosan brilliant flavin E8G |
460 |
510 |
Oregon green 488 fluorophore |
496 |
524 |
Oregon green 500 fluorophore |
503 |
522 |
Oregon green 514 fluorophore |
511 |
530 |
Pararosaniline (Feulgen) |
570 |
625 |
Phorwite AR solution |
360 |
430 |
Phorwite BKL |
370 |
430 |
Phorwite Rev |
380 |
430 |
Phorwite RPA |
375 |
430 |
Phosphine 3R |
465 |
565 |
Phycoerythrin R |
480-565 |
578 |
Pontochrome blue black |
535-553 |
605 |
POPO 1, PO-PRO 1 |
434 |
456 |
Primuline |
410 |
550 |
Procion yellow |
470 |
600 |
Propidium iodide |
536 |
617 |
Pyronine |
410 |
540 |
Pyronine B |
540-590 |
560-650 |
Pyrozal brilliant flavin 7GF |
365 |
495 |
Quinacrine mustard |
423 |
503 |
R-phycoerythrin |
565 |
575 |
Resorufin |
570 |
585 |
RH 414 |
500 |
635 |
Rhodamine 110 |
496 |
520 |
Rhodamine 123 |
507 |
529 |
Rhodamine 5 GLD |
470 |
565 |
Rhodamine 6G |
526 |
555 |
Rhodamine B |
540 |
625 |
Rhodamine B 200 |
523-557 |
595 |
Rhodamine B Extra |
550 |
605 |
Rhodamine BB |
540 |
580 |
Rhodamine BG |
540 |
572 |
Rhodamine green fluorophore |
502 |
527 |
Rhodamine red |
570 |
590 |
Rhodamine WT |
530 |
555 |
Rhodol green fluorophore |
499 |
525 |
Rose Bengal |
540 |
550-600 |
Serotonin |
365 |
520-540 |
Sevron brilliant red 2B |
520 |
595 |
Sevron brilliant red 4G |
500 |
583 |
Sevron brilliant red B |
530 |
590 |
Sevron orange |
440 |
530 |
Sevron yellow L |
430 |
490 |
SITS (primuline) |
395-425 |
450 |
SITS (stilbene isothiosulfonic acid) |
365 |
460 |
SNARF-1 |
563 |
639 |
Sodium green |
507 |
535 |
Stilbene |
335 |
440 |
Sulforhodamine B and C |
520 |
595 |
Sulphorhodamine G Extra |
470 |
570 |
SYTOX green nucleic acid stain |
504 |
523 |
SYTO green fluorescent nucleic acid stains |
494 ± 6 |
515 ± 17 |
SYTO green fluorescent nucleic acid stains |
515 ± 7 |
543 ± 13 |
SYTO 17 red fluorescent nucleic acid stain |
621 |
634 |
Tetracycline |
390 |
560 |
Tetraethylrhodamine (rhodamine B) |
555 |
580 |
Texas red |
595 |
615 |
Thiazine red R |
510 |
580 |
Thioflavin S |
430 |
550 |
Thioflavin TCN |
350 |
460 |
Thioflavin 5 |
430 |
550 |
Thiolyte |
370-385 |
477-484 |
Thiozol orange |
453 |
480 |
Tinopol CBS |
390 |
430 |
TOTO 1, TO-PRO 1 |
514 |
533 |
TOTO 3, TO-PRO 3 |
642 |
660 |
True Blue |
365 |
420-430 |
Ultralite |
656 |
678 |
Uranine B |
420 |
520 |
Uvitex SFC |
365 |
435 |
X-Rhodamine |
580 |
605 |
Xylene orange |
546 |
580 |
XRITC |
582 |
601 |
YOYO 1, YOYO-PRO 1 |
491 |
509 |
YOYO 3, YOYO-PRO 3 |
612 |
613 |
LoadImages();
Name |
Available |
Methanol |
MMIC |
|
|
Other Chemicals
Name |
Brand |
Ref # |
Comments |
Available |
Jasplakinolide |
Molecular Probes |
J7473 |
|
MMIC (-20C) |
Latrunculin-A |
Molecular Probes |
L12370 |
|
MMIC (-20C) |
Latrunculin-A 1mg/ml in DMSO |
Molecular Probes |
L12370 |
|
MMIC (-20C) |
Fluorescence Microscopy Applications
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