https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany
"Plant biology" redirects here. For other uses, see Botany (disambiguation) and Botanic.
The fruit of Myristica fragrans, a species native to Indonesia, is the source of two valuable spices, the red aril (mace) enclosing the dark brown nutmeg.
Botany, also called plant science(s), plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist or plant scientist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek word βοτάνη (botanē) meaning "pasture", "grass", or "fodder"; βοτάνη is in turn derived from βόσκειν (boskein), "to feed" or "to graze". Traditionally, botany has also included the study of fungi and algae by mycologists and phycologists respectively, with the study of these three groups of organisms remaining within the sphere of interest of the International Botanical Congress. Nowadays, botanists (in the strict sense) study approximately 410,000 species of land plants of which some 391,000 species are vascular plants (including ca 369,000 species of flowering plants),[4] and ca 20,000 are bryophytes.[5]
Botany originated in prehistory as herbalism with the efforts of early humans to identify – and later cultivate – edible, medicinal and poisonous plants, making it one of the oldest branches of science. Medieval physic gardens, often attached to monasteries, contained plants of medical importance. They were forerunners of the first botanical gardens attached to universities, founded from the 1540s onwards. One of the earliest was the Padua botanical garden. These gardens facilitated the academic study of plants. Efforts to catalogue and describe their collections were the beginnings of plant taxonomy, and led in 1753 to the binomial system of Carl Linnaeus that remains in use to this day.
In the 19th and 20th centuries, new techniques were developed for the study of plants, including methods of optical microscopy and live cell imaging, electron microscopy, analysis of chromosome number, plant chemistry and the structure and function of enzymes and other proteins. In the last two decades of the 20th century, botanists exploited the techniques of molecular genetic analysis, including genomics and proteomics and DNA sequences to classify plants more accurately.
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Links
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Botany
Subcategories
` Botany by continent (5 C)
`.
` Branches of botany (13 C, 20 P)
`A
` Botanical art (1 C, 23 P)
`B
`Botanicals (1 C)
` Botanists (12 C, 37 P)
`C
`Plant cognition (31 P)
` Plant collectors (1 C, 76 P)
`E
` Economic botany (1 C, 4 P)
`F
` Flora (2 C, 7 P)
`G
`Botanical gardens (3 C, 19 P)
` Glossaries of botany (7 P)
`H
`Herbalism (7 C, 38 P)
Herbaria (2 C, 24 P)
History of botany (8 C, 15 P)
` Horticulture and gardening (51 C, 256 P)
`L
` Botanical literature (5 C, 9 P)
`M
` Marine botany (11 P)
`N
`O
`Online botany databases (21 P)
` Botany organizations (4 C, 6 P)
`P
`Paleobotany (5 C, 16 P)
Palynology (2 C, 23 P)
Phytogeography (11 C, 18 P)
` Professorships in botany (4 P)
`R
` Botanical research institutes (2 C, 41 P)
`S
`Botanical societies (3 C, 32 P)
Botany stubs (5 C, 307 P)
Pages
` Botany
History of botany
Outline of botany
`A
` Aerial stem modification
Allelopathy
Ampelography
Annual vs. perennial plant evolution
Anthecology
Archaeophyte
Astrobotany
Australian Grains Genebank
Available space theory
`B
` Bioeffector
Biomass partitioning
Biseriate
Botanical expedition
Botanical illustration
Botany 2000
Bud
Ornamental bulbous plant
`C
` Canopy research
Chemotype
Cholodny–Went model
Climax species
County Herb Committee
Crescograph
`D
` Deciduous
Plant development
Diplostigmaty
Domatium
Drought deciduous
`E
` Plant ecology
Ecotype
EICA hypothesis
Entomophily
Epiblem
Epiphytic bacteria
Ericoid
Evergreen
`F
` Fasciation
Floral Genome Project
Floral zone
`G
` Geocarpy
Glossary of scientific naming
Growing season
Gynoecium
`H
` Hamulus
Hapaxanth
Heliotropism
Herbal
Herbalism
Herbchronology
Heterotroph
History of herbalism
History of plant breeding
Hormonal sentience
Horticultural botany
List of hyperaccumulators
Hyponastic response
`I
` Plant identification
Indigen
International Phytogeographic Excursion
`J
` JIC Germplasm Resources Unit
John Innes Centre
JUICE (software)
`L
` Botanical Latin
Leaf expansion
Leaf flushing
Linnaeus' flower clock
List of ecoregions with high endemism
`M
` Macroflora
Marcescence
User:Mari G.R./sandbox
Matutinal
Murashige and Skoog medium
Murray's law
Myco-heterotrophy
Myrmecophyte
`N
` Neophyte (botany)
Botanical nomenclature
Nutation (botany)
Plant nutrition
`O
` Plant ontology
Draft:Øyvind H. Rustan
`P
` Perennation
Petal
Petrifaction
Photochemical Reflectance Index
Photoperiodism
Photosynthesis
Phyllosphere
Phytochemistry
Phytosemiotics
Pioneer species
Plant collecting
Plant health
PlantCollections
Plantsman
Plastochron
Pleuston
Pollen tube
Postglacial vegetation
Plant press
`R
` Ruderal species
`S
` Sarmentose (botany)
Secondary cell wall
Seed
Semi-deciduous
Plant strategies
`T
` The Herbert Medal
Timeline of plant evolution
TROPI
Tropical vegetation
`U
` Universal adaptive strategy theory
`V
` Vasculum
Vegetable Production System
Vegetation
Vegetation classification
Vertical ecosystem
Vespertine (biology)
Vine
Vital theory
Volunteer (botany)
`W
` Whorl (botany)
Wood
`X
` Xylotheque
`Z
` Zonal plant
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